目的考察城中村儿童人格特质、心理韧性与学校态度之间的关系,为我国城镇化建设与教育改革中打造儿童健康成长环境服务提供参考。方法采用多阶段整群抽样选取721名河北省四至六年级城中村儿童,采用青少年小五人格问卷、青少年心理韧性量表和学校态度量表测查儿童人格特质、心理韧性和学校态度。结果城中村儿童积极人格因子（包括外向性、宜人性、谨慎性和开放性）和个人力、支持力均与学校喜欢呈正相关（r值分别为0.40,0.39,0.42,0.33,0.39,0.24,P值均〈0.01）,积极人格因子（包括外向性、宜人性、谨慎性）和个人力、支持力与学校回避呈负相关（r值分别为-0.11,-0.15,-0.16,-0.19,-0.16,P值均〈0.01）,消极人格因子（情绪性）与学校回避呈正相关（r=0.13,P〈0.01）。结构方程建模表明,心理韧性部分中介积极人格与学校喜欢之间的关系,中介效应值为0.14（P〈0.01）。完全中介消极人格与学校回避之间的关系中介效应值为0.07（P〈0.01）。结论城中村儿童的心理韧性与人格特质、学校态度高度相关,不同人格类型对学校态度有预测作用,且受心理韧性的中介。

Objective To investigate the relationships among personality traits, psychological resilience and school attitude in urban village children and to provide empirical supports for policy making in urbanization and education reformation. Methods A total of 721 urban village pupils in grade 4, 5, 6 were recruited from Hebei province with multi-stage cluster sampling method.The Small Five Personality Questionnaire, Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents and School Attitude Scale were used to assess personal traits, psychological resilience and school attitude. Results The positive personality factors score（ including extraversion, agreeableness, conservatism, and openness）, individual power and supportive were positively correlated with school like score（ r = 0. 40, 0. 39, 0. 42, 0. 33, 0. 39, 0. 24, P〈  0. 01）. Whereas the positive personality factors score（ including extraversion, agreeableness, conservatism）, individual power, and supportive were negatively correlated with the school avoidance score（ r =- 0. 11,- 0. 15,- 0. 16,- 0. 19,- 0. 16, P〈  0. 01）, but negative personality including neuroticism was positively correlated（ r = 0. 13, P〈  0. 01）. Structural equation model showed that psychological resilience partly mediated relationship between positive personality and school like, while totally mediated relationship between negative personality and school avoidance, and the mediation effect was 0. 14 and 0. 07 respectively（ P〈  0. 01）. Conclusion There are significant correlations between school attitude,personality traits, and psychological resilience among urban village children. Personality types can predict school attitude, and psychological resilience works as mediator between the above two variables.