目的探讨12-18岁留守儿童亲社会行为倾向及其与主观健康水平的关系。方法 2012年12月—2014年6月,根据纳入与排除标准,选取中国科学院心理研究所承担的国家科技支撑计划——《社会变迁过程中儿童青少年的心理发展特点及心理问题疏导与咨询技术》项目中的8 029例儿童为调查对象。项目组采用统一编制的人口学问卷和青少年亲社会行为倾向量表（PTM）对我国东北、华北、西北、华中、西南、华南和华东7个区域的儿童进行了问卷调查。根据是否为留守儿童分为留守组（2103例）和非留守组（5926例）。记录各组儿童的一般资料（包括性别、年龄、地区）、亲社会行为倾向得分和主观健康水平。结果两组儿童年龄分布、地区分布、主观健康水平比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。非留守组和留守组儿童PTM总分均随年龄的增长先下降后上升。在PTM总分、公开维度得分、匿名维度得分上,组别主效应和年龄主效应均显著（P〈0.05）;组别与年龄有交互作用（P〈0.05）。在利他维度得分、依从维度得分、情绪性维度得分、紧急性维度得分上,组别主效应不显著（P〉0.05）;年龄主效应显著（P〈0.05）;组别与年龄有交互作用（P〈0.05）。在PTM总分、公开维度得分、利他维度得分、依从维度得分、情绪性维度得分、紧急性维度得分上,组别主效应和地区主效应均显著（P〈0.05）;组别与地区有交互作用（P〈0.05）。在匿名维度得分上,组别主效应和地区主效应均显著（P〈0.05）;组别与地区无交互作用（P〉0.05）。在PTM总分、公开维度得分、匿名维度得分、利他维度得分、依从维度得分、情绪性维度得分、紧急性维度得分上,组别主效应不显著（P〉0.05）;主观健康水平主效应显著（P〈0.05）;组别与主观健康水平无交互作用（P〉0.05）。留守组、非留守组PTM总分与主观健康水平均呈正相关（r=0.099、0.077,P〈0.01）。结论留守儿童亲社会行为倾向随年龄的增长先下降后上升;年龄、地区和主观健康水平对留守儿童亲社会行为倾向均有显著影响;主观健康水平越高,留守儿童亲社会行为倾向越高。

Objective To investigate the prosocial tendency and its relation to subjective health level of left - behind children aged 12 to 18. Methods According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,we enrolled 8 029 children between December 2012 and June 2014 from the program of ″ ental development features of children and adolescents in the process of social change and guidance and consultation skills of their mental problems″,a national sci - tech support plan undertaken by the Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the program,a uniformly designed demographic questionnaire and the scale of prosocial tendencies measure（ PTM）for adolescents were adopted to conduct questionnaire survey on children in 7 regions of China which were northeast China,north China,northwest China,central China,southwest China,south China and east China. According to being left - behind children or not,the enrolled children were divided into two groups：left - behind group （n = 2 103）and non left - behind group（n = 5 926）. The general data（including gender,age and region）,score of prosocial tendency and subjective health level were recorded. Results The two groups were significantly different in age distribution, region distribution and subjective health level（ P 〈 0. 05）. The PTM total scores of the two groups decreased first and then increased as age increased. As for the total score of PTM and the scores of public dimension and anonymous dimension,the main effects of group and age were both significant（P 〈 0. 05）;there was interaction effect between group and age（P 〈 0. 05）. As for the scores of altruism dimension,compliance dimension,emotion dimension and emergency dimension,the main effect of group was not significant（ P 〉 0. 05）;and the main effect of age was significant（ P 〈 0. 05）;there was interaction effect between group and age（ P 〈 0. 05）. As for the total score of PTM and the scores of public dimension,altruism dimension, compliance dimension,emotion dimension and emergency dimension,the main effects of group and region were both significant （P 〈 0. 05）;there was interaction effect between group and region（P 〈 0. 05）. As for the score of anonymous dimension,the main effects of group and region were both significant（P 〈 0. 05）;there was no interaction effect between group and region（P 〉0. 05）. As for the total score of PTM,the scores of public dimension,anonymous dimension,altruism dimension,compliance dimension,emotion dimension and emergency dimension,the main effect of group was not significant（P 〉 0. 05）;the main effect of subject health level was significant（P 〈 0. 05）;there was no interaction effect between group and subjective health level （P 〉 0. 05）. The total scores of PTM of the two groups were both positively correlated with subjective health level（r = 0. 099, 0. 077;P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusion Left - behind children see their prosocial tendency decrease first and then increase as age increases. Age,region and subjective health level have significant influence on the prosocial tendency of left - behind children. With the increase of subjective health level,the prosocial tendency of left - behind children increases.