某大型自来水厂工艺性能分析及优化
文献类型:学位论文
作者 | 陈有军 |
学位类别 | 博士 |
答辩日期 | 2012 |
授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
授予地点 | 北京 |
导师 | 杨敏 |
关键词 | 工艺优化 Processes optimizing 预处理 Pretreatment 二次微絮凝 Secondary micro-flocculation 颗粒活性炭 Granular carbon 预氧化 Pre-oxidizing |
其他题名 | The performance Analysis and optimization of a large water treatment plant |
中文摘要 | 面对水源多样化、原水水质不确定性的供水生产形势,深入分析水厂现有工艺的净化效能,优化水厂预处理、常规处理和深度处理工艺,是北方某大型自来水厂为满足生活饮用水水质标准的重要基础工作。本研究以分析水厂不同工艺及工艺段的多年水质数据为基础,重点围绕水厂预处理、深度处理工艺为中心,以水厂工艺优化运行为目标,开展了相关技术研究,取得了以下进展: 1.经过对多年的原水及工艺段检测数据统计分析,发现密云水库藻类存在春秋两个生长期,氨氮在每年的8~10月达到全年的相对较高值,溶解氧在7~9月达到全年最低值;水厂混凝沉淀对CODMn有30%以上的去除率,对藻类具有60~70%的去除;二期加砂沉淀工艺对低温低浊水的净化效果明显好于一期澄清池工艺;原水锰浓度变化与水中溶解氧和pH值变化有较好的对应关系,原水不投加氧化剂不利于锰在水厂工艺中的去除,存在出厂水锰超标的风险,含有泥渣悬浮层的澄清池对锰有更好的去除作用。 2.以加砂沉淀工艺中试装置为基础,开展了臭氧、高锰酸钾和氯三种预氧化剂对有机物的去除效果试验,发现投加臭氧对于有机物的去除效果最好,投加次氯酸纳对有机物的去除效果最差;投加臭氧有助于水厂常规处理工艺对硅藻的去除,延长滤池运行周期;但是由于臭氧的强氧化性,余臭氧对沉淀池出水浊度以及后续滤池影响较大;为此,生产中控制加砂沉淀工艺的水中臭氧浓度为零或余氯浓度较低,使工艺运行状况稳定。 3. 取用沉淀后的水进行二次微絮凝中试试验,结论表明二次微絮凝能改善初滤水水质,PACl比FeCl3更适合作为二次微絮凝的投加药剂,二次微絮凝不会增加过滤出水中药剂残余浓度,能够保证过滤出水水质合格。 4. 连续三年对水厂不同炭龄的颗粒炭进行了相关指标检测,发现随着过滤水时间的增加,颗粒活性炭的吸附能力逐渐降低,颗粒炭的比表面积、孔积和孔径也逐年降低;滤前投加氯是炭颗粒出现粉碎化现象的原因;炭池对水中不同有机物指标都有去除作用,但其去除率的高低与吸附值大小没有关联性,是以酸杆菌、根瘤菌以及部分Alpha变形菌为主的微生物也发挥了去除作用;在原再生、更换周期的基础上可适当延长颗粒活性炭使用时间。 5. 经过对水厂近些年的工艺运行总结,认为水厂应根据原水水质问题,选用预处理药剂和组合预处理工艺,深入挖潜预处理和常规处理工艺的综合净水效果;密切关注水源切换前期的需氯量、微生物等水源水质风险,保持工艺运行的稳定性;进一步摸索滤池滤料的更换、冲洗及过滤效果等,加强滤池运行管理。 |
英文摘要 | Due to diverse raw water and complex water quality, analyzing the performance of water treatment processes, optimizing pretreatment, conventional treatment and advanced treatment, which all are the foundation for one large scale water treatment plant to meet the requirement of standards for drinking water. This research analyzed many years’ water quality data of raw water and different treatment units, carried out the researching of pretreatment and advanced treatment, and aims to optimize the current processes. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The statistical analysis of many years’ water qualities indicates that algae of Miyun reservoir grow in spring and autumn. Nitrogen reaches the biggest density during August and October in each year. And the minimum density happened during July and September. 30% of CODMn and 60 ~70% of algae are removed by the present coagulation and settling process. For the low temperature and low turbidity’s raw water, Actiflo has better purification effects than the traditional clarification. The continual variations of DO, Mn, pH, and effect on Mn removal by different processes are investigated.The results show clearly that the reduction of DO concentration and pH in bottom reservoir results in the increasing release of Mn in source water. Mn is not easy to be removed for the raw water without adding oxidizing agents, and clarification with suspended sludge has better removal effiency on Mn. 2. Via the Actiflo pilot plant, three preoxidants of ozone, potassium permanganate and chlorine are used to remove organic matter, the results show that ozone is the best oxidant to remove organic matter, and the sodium hypochlorite is the least effect. Ozone also contributes to the removal of diatoms, and prolongs the operation duration of filter. But the residual ozone results in higher effluent turbidity of settling tank and reduced the duration of filter in Actiflo, therefore, residual oxidants are strictly controlled in practice. 3. The effluent of settling tank are used for micro-flocculation experiment, the experimental data show that micro-flocculation can obviously improve the initial filter water, the coagulant of PACl is better than FeCl3 for micro-flocculation, and the residual coagulant desity is not increased in the effulent of filter. 4. GAC with different filtering time were tested in recent three years, we found that GAC’s adsorption ability, surface area and pore size decreased gradually with the filtering time increasing. The residual chlorine dosing in raw water caused the pulverization phenomenon of GAC, GAC can remove organic matter, but the efficiency does’t correlate with adsorption ability, Rhizobium and Alpha deformation bacteria’s microbial action play the main role on organic matter removal, and the regeneration cycle of GAC can be extended. 5. Through the summary of this waterworks operation in recent 6 years, we conclude that this waterworks should adopt the pretreatment agents and united pretreatment relying on raw water quality, improve water purification efficiency with the combination of pretreatment and traditional treatment processes, and consider Cholorine demanding, microorganism and other’s water quality indices during raw water switches. In addition, filter medium replacment and effect are worth researching. |
源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/35127] ![]() |
专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境水质学国家重点实验室 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈有军. 某大型自来水厂工艺性能分析及优化[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
入库方式: OAI收割
来源:生态环境研究中心
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