联合抗逆转录疗法 （cART） 能有效抑制HIV复制和增加CD4 + 细胞数量， 但对HIV引起的免疫活化则无明显抑制作用， 持续免疫活化目前已经成为治疗AIDS的一大难题。氯喹/羟氯喹具有免疫调节功能， 能抑制浆细胞样树突状细胞 （pDC）活化进而有效降低免疫活化水平。此外， 氯喹/羟氯喹还可通过干扰HIV包膜糖蛋白gp120糖基化抑制病毒复制及通过抑制记忆性T细胞自噬而诱导其凋亡， 安全性高、 毒性低， 可作为一种辅助治疗药物用于HIV治疗。

Although antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication，it is often unable to control immune activation in HIV infection. Immune activation is still a challenge for the cure of AIDS. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine is shown to have immunomodulatory property that decreases the level of immune activation by blocking activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells （pDC） . Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine also reduces viral replication through interfering glycoprotein 120 （gp120）glycosylation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting memory T cell autophagy. Moreover，because of its safety and low toxicity，it could be proposed as an adjuvant therapy in HIV/AIDS treatment.