The effects of alkaline amino acids l-Lysine (l-Lys) and l-Arginine (l-Arg) on the lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) behavior of ionic liquid-type imidazolium surfactant (1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, C₁₄mimBr) were investigated systematically. The corresponding properties were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and rheological measurements. The results indicated that with the introduction of l-Lys, LLC phase of C₁₄mimBr gradually undergoes the transition to an isotropic homogeneous phase, which demonstrated to be worm-like micelles (WLMs). While for C₁₄mimBr/l-Arg system, it remained the hexagonal phases and merely induced the variation of the mechanical strength of C₁₄mimBr LLCs. It can be speculated that the balance between electrostatic interaction, H-bond interaction, and hydrophobic interaction plays an important role in the phase transition of C₁₄mimBr/amino acids. Our work can contribute to a better understanding of the effect of the additions especially amino acids on the influence of the surfactant aggregates and their macroscopic properties, which maybe open the door for wide applications in the biological system.