国外运用基于努力决策任务，与阴性症状量表和访谈相结合，对精神分裂症患者的阴性症状特别是动机缺失进行研究。本文从基于努力决策任务出发，重点介绍该任务范式及其在精神分裂症患者动机缺失评估中的最新研究，并从心理学、神经生物学和脑神经科学三个维度，阐述动机缺失的认知神经机制，论文结尾讨论了该任务范式在评估精神分裂症患者或其他患者动机缺失中可能遇到的挑战，以及未来的发展趋势。

Negative symptom, the characteristic treatment-refractory feature of schizophrenia, has been associated with poor functional outcome. Negative symptoms, including motive deficiency, are unmet needs for schizophrenic patients. For these impairments, there is much ongoing research that seeks to develop new pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.  Previous research on negative symptoms within schizophrenia is usually constructed by clinical questionnaire and interview assessment. Recent years, a trend about observing negative symptoms is gradually formed, and researchers begin to use the effort-based decision-making task paradigms to assess negative symptoms within clinical assessment of schizophrenia, especially for amotivation. This paper briefly introduced several effort-based task paradigms. These paradigms covered 2 types of effort： Physical effort and cognitive effort. Both of them assessed how much effort a person was willing to exert for a given level of reward. This domain had been well studied in models of effort and motivation for animals, and now, the effort- based decision-making task paradigms have been ready for human beings.