中国典型重大生态工程温室气体收支与净固碳效应研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘博杰 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2016-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 逯非 |
| 关键词 | 重大生态工程，碳成本，碳泄漏，净固碳量，温室气体 |
| 其他题名 | Budget of greenhouse gas and effect of net carbon sequestration for typically key ecological stewardship projects in China |
| 学位专业 | 生态学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着温室气体排放和全球气候变暖的加剧，林业在碳减排中的作用逐渐得到重视。重大生态工程下的森林保护、森林恢复以及综合性生态治理工程可能增加林草植被和土壤碳储量。然而，在营造林和草地治理过程会由于人类活动产生温室气体排放。本研究在构建重大生态工程温室气体收支与净固碳量核算模型的基础上，估算了天然林资源保护工程（简称天保工程）一期（2000-2010年）、退耕还林工程（2000-2010年）和京津风沙源治理工程一期（2001-2010年）营造林和草地治理过程工程边界内碳成本和边界外碳泄漏，分析了各项重大生态工程及每项工程下各区域碳成本和碳泄漏年际变化及影响因素，对比了每项工程下各区域碳成本和碳泄漏的组成特征，研究了每项工程下各区域净固碳量的变化特征，明确了各项工程每年平均碳成本强度和净固碳速率空间格局。主要结果如下： 天保工程一期西北、中西部地区、南部地区、东北地区和天保工程的碳成本分别为 0.89 Tg C、1.47 Tg C、0.09 Tg C和 2.45 Tg C，碳泄漏分别为 3.17 Tg C、3.11 Tg C、6.50 Tg C和 12.78 Tg C。工程在边界内外共产生温室气体排放 15.23 TgC，抵消了工程固碳效益的 9.8%。全工程期净固碳量为 139.77 Tg C，年均净固碳量为 12.71 Tg C∙yr-1。 退耕还林工程西北地区、西南地区、东北地区、华北地区、中南华东地区和退耕还林工程的碳成本分别为 3.38 Tg C、3.64 Tg C、1.03 Tg C、1.66 Tg C、4.38Tg C和 14.09 Tg C，碳泄漏分别为 21.33 Tg C、4.60 Tg C、5.50 Tg C、1.32 Tg C、3.78 Tg C和 36.53 Tg C。工程在边界内外共产生温室气体排放 50.62 Tg C，抵消了工程固碳效益的 19.9%。全工程期净固碳量为 203.50 Tg C，年均净固碳量为18.50 Tg C∙yr-1。 京津风沙源治理工程一期北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省、内蒙古自治区和整个工程的碳成本分别为 259.51 Gg C、15.70 Gg C、1017.79 Gg C、306.46 GgC、1145.44 Gg C和 2.74 Tg C，碳泄漏分别为 64.81 - 70.20 Gg C、-2.11 - -1.27 GgC、-27.04 - 3.49 Gg C、158.57 - 158.82 Gg C、4340.13 - 4523.97 Gg C和 4.53 - 4.76Tg C。工程在边界内外共产生温室气体排放 7.28 - 7.50 Tg C，抵消了工程固碳效益的 10.2%-10.5%。全工程期净固碳量为 63.75 - 64.38 Tg C，年均净固碳量为 6.38- 6.44 Tg C•yr-1。 各项工程措施碳成本中，造林及配套森林基础设施建设碳成本是主要的工程措施碳成本，分别占天保工程、退耕还林工程和京津风沙源治理工程碳成本总量的 82.4%、96.7%和 83.6%；各种物资中，建材和肥料是各项重大生态工程主要的物资碳成本来源，而燃油、灌溉和药剂产生的碳成本占各项重大生态工程碳成本总量的比例仅为 8.3% - 24.7%。碳成本和碳泄漏对重大生态工程固碳的抵消较小，各项重大生态工程在我国温室气体减排和减缓全球气候变暖上做出了巨大贡献。天保工程、退耕还林工程和京津风沙源治理工程的净固碳量分别相当于同期我国化石燃料燃烧碳排放总量的 0.89%、1.3%和 0.4%。未来可通过避免林区道路盲目建设、经济林营造采用精准施肥减少碳成本；通过对工程进行合理规划、为工程区农户和牧民提供可替代的维持生存的方法和就近安置生态移民减少碳泄漏。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the intensified emissions of greenhouse gas and global climate warming, the role of forestry in carbon emission reduction has been focused on. Forestry protection,forestry recovery and comprehensive ecological remediation project under key ecological stewardship projects have the potential of carbon sequestration in vegetation and soil. However, greenhouse gas is generated in the process of afforestation and pastureland governance due to human activities. Based on the construction of monitoring model regarding greenhouse gas budget and net carbon sequestration, carbon cost from afforestation and pastureland governance within the project boundary and carbon leakage out of the boundary in the first stage of Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) (2000–2010), Grain-for-Green Project (GGP) (2000-2010) and Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Project (BTSSCP) (2001-2010) were calculated. Besides, annual variance as well as influencing factors of carbon cost and carbon leakage from each project and regions under respective rojects were analyzed. Carbon cost and carbon leakage were compared among the component regions under respective projects, and variance of net carbon sequestration was characterized. Besides, spatial distribution of average carbon cost intensity for each year and spatial distribution of carbon sequestration rate were investigated. The results showed as follows. Carbon cost of the NFPP in the combined northwest and mid-west regions, the south region, the northeast region, and the whole NFPP were 0.89 Tg C, 1.47 Tg C,0.09 Tg C, and 2.45 Tg C, respectively. Meanwhile, carbon leakage from the above regions was 3.17 Tg C, 3.11 Tg C, 6.50 Tg C, and 12.78 Tg C, respectively. Totally,greenhouse gas emissions from within and out of project boundary were 15.23 Tg C,which counteracted 9.82% of the total carbon sequestration. Net carbon sequestration during the whole period of the project was 139.77 Tg C, and average net carbon sequestration for each year was 12.71 Tg C∙yr-1. Carbon cost of the GGP in northwest region, southwest region, northeast region,north region, central south and east region and the whole GGP were 3.38 Tg C, 3.64 Tg C, 1.03 Tg C, 1.66 Tg C, 4.38 Tg C and 14.09 Tg C, respectively. Meanwhile,carbon leakage of the above regions were 21.33 Tg C, 4.60 Tg C, 5.50 Tg C, 1.32 Tg C, 3.78 Tg C and 36.53 Tg C, respectively. Totally, greenhouse gas emissions from within and out of project boundary were 50.62 Tg C, which counteracted 19.9% of the total carbon sequestration. Net carbon sequestration during the whole period of the project was 203.50 Tg C, and average net carbon sequestration for each year was 18.50 Tg C∙yr-1. Carbon cost of the BTSSCP in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and the whole BTSSCP were 259.51 Gg C, 15.70 Gg C, 1017.79 Gg C, 306.46 Gg C,1145.44 Gg C and 2.74 Tg C, respectively. Meanwhile, carbon leakage of the above regions were 64.81 - 70.20 Gg C, -2.11 - -1.27 Gg C, -27.04 - 3.49 Gg C, 158.57 - 158.82 Gg C, 4340.13 - 4523.97 Gg C and 4.53 - 4.76 Tg C, repectively. Totally,greenhouse gas emissions from within and out of project boundary were 7.28 - 7.50 Tg C, which counteracted 10.2%-10.5% of the total carbon sequestration. Net carbon sequestration during the whole period of the project was 63.75 - 64.38 Tg C, and average net carbon sequestration for each year was 6.38 - 6.44 Tg C∙yr-1. Carbon cost from afforestation and corresponding forestry infrastructure construction were most prominent among respective project measures, accounting for 82.4%、96.7% and 83.6% in total carbon cost in the NFPP, GGP and BTSSCP, respectively; Carbon cost from building materials and fertilizer were most significant among materials consumed in projects, while carbon cost from fuels, irrigation, herbicide and pesticide only accounted for 8.3% - 24.7% of total carbon cost in the projects. Carbon cost and carbon leakage only played a minor role in neutralizing carbon benefits, and the first-stage of the NFPP, GGP and the first-stage of the BTSSCP contributed significantly to greenhouse gas emission reduction in China as well as global climate warming mitigation. Net carbon sequestration of the NFPP,GGP and BTSSCP equals 0.89%, 1.3% and 0.4% of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion during the same period in China, respectively. In the future, potential routes of reducing carbon cost include avoidance of impulsive or reckless construction of forest roads and adopting precision fertilization in afforestation of economic forest; Carbon leakage could be alleviated via reasonable planning for projects, supplying alternative livelihoods to farmers and herds in the project as well as arranging ecological migrants based on proximity principle. |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/36893]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘博杰. 中国典型重大生态工程温室气体收支与净固碳效应研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2016. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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