磁致伸缩－压电联合激励弯张换能器研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 柴勇 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007-05-28 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院声学研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 声学研究所 |
| 关键词 | 磁致伸缩－压电联合激励 弯张换能器 有限元法 |
| 其他题名 | The Study of Hybrid Magnetostrictive-piezoelectric Flextensional Transducers |
| 学位专业 | 声学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着现代声呐技术的进步和水声工程的发展，凸显提高水声换能器及其基阵综合技术指标的重要性。在此研究背景下，论文首次将磁致伸缩－压电联合激励概念引入弯张换能器研究领域，以期在单个换能器上集中实现低频、大功率、超宽带等工作性能。 首先，根据相关声学及有限元理论，推导得到了适用于磁致伸缩－压电联合激励桶板弯张换能器的等效电路图，以及使用有限元方法进行分析的基本理论公式。 其次，对于普通单一振子激励的桶板弯张换能器，归纳了若干能够有效衡量其振动辐射特性的振动辐射特征参量，深入研究了桶板弯张换能器的结构特征参量与这些振动辐射特征参量之间的关系，并据此总结出桶板弯张换能器结构变化对其振动辐射性能影响的一系列规律。 对于使用稀土超磁致伸缩材料作为激励元件的稀土换能器，进行了磁路优化研究。系统研究了磁路结构与磁场分布的具体关系，提出了几种改进的磁路结构，并通过实例证明磁路优化工作可以有效改善稀土换能器的性能指标。 在上述工作的基础上，研制了磁致伸缩－压电联合激励桶板弯张换能器：采用稀土超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D与PZT压电陶瓷作为联合激励元件，利用两种振子之间具有的内在电抗互补性，实现机械振动能量与电（磁）储能元件之间的能量分配与转换，从而有效展宽工作频带；与此同时，利用稀土超磁致伸缩材料高应变、高能量密度及低声速、低谐振频率的优点，亦可以获得低频频段内更佳的振动辐射性能。 使用等效电路法和有限元方法，对磁致伸缩－压电联合激励桶板弯张换能器的工作原理、计算建模设计以及实际应用中需要解决的诸多问题都进行了详细研究，并给出相应的解决方案。根据优化分析的结果，制做了磁致伸缩－压电联合激励桶板弯张换能器实验样机。通过模拟计算与实验测试，证实此种新型换能器具有频率低、频带宽、功率大、尺寸小、重量轻等优点。实验样机最大外形尺寸为Φ88mm×316mm，空气中重约3.8kg。实际测得水中谐振频率为1.04kHz，-3dB带通Q值为2.08，谐振频率下最大声源级为194.1dB。 在磁致伸缩－压电联合激励桶板弯张换能器的研制工作基础上，为了进一步降低机械Q值并增加辐射声功率，设计了磁致伸缩－压电联合激励III型弯张换能器，利用多模谐振耦合原理，结合磁致伸缩－压电联合激励的工作方式实现超宽带辐射性能。模拟计算结果表明，此种新型换能器的-3dB工作带宽可覆盖1.3kHz～7.5kHz范围，最大声源级超过200dB，具有低频、大功率和超宽带的优良工作性能。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the progress of modern sonar technologies and underwater acoustic engineering, it is more and more important to improve the performance of underwater acoustic transducers and arrays. Thus, an innovative concept of hybrid magnetostrictive-piezoelectric flextensional transducer is proposed in order to develop a transducer with qualities such as low-frequency, high power and very broad bandwidth for the first time in this thesis. According to theories about acoustics and finite-element method, the equivalent circuit models and the essential theoretical formulae for finite-element analysis of the hybrid magnetostrictive-piezoelectric barrel-stave projector are established. Several characteristic parameters which could represent the radiation performance of the typical barrel-stave projector with single magnetostrictive or piezoelectric driver effectively are summarized. The relationship between the structural and radiation characteristic parameters is studied roundly which leads to a series of useful conclusions on how the changes of structure affecting the radiation performance of the projector. The magnetic circuit optimization work is carried out for rare-earth transducer using giant magnetostrictive material. The relationship between the distribution of magnetic induction intensity, which acts as the major parameter to describe the efficiency of the use of magnetic energy, and the structure of magnetic circuit is studied and several kinds of advanced magnetic circuit configuration are proposed. And then it is proved that the performance of the rare-earth transducer could be improved evidently by the magnetic circuit optimization work through a sample. A new type of hybrid magnetostrictive-piezoelectric barrel-stave projector is developed on the basis of all the work above. This new transducer is driven by the union of rare-earth giant magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D and PZT piezoelectric ceramic. Because the two parts of driving elements are both inductive and capacitive in nature, the hybrid barrel-stave projector is self-tuned which could expand the working bandwidth significantly due to the reasonable distribution of mechanical vibration energy and the electromagnetic energy and transition from one to another. At the same time, it would be better to produce the greater sound power needed at the lower resonant frequency by using Terfenol-D because of its inherent advantages of higher strain, higher energy density and lower sound velocity compared with piezoelectric ceramic. Using the equivalent circuit models and finite-element analysis, the studies on its working principle and several urgent problems in modeling and practical applications have been taken and corresponding solutions are proposed. Then the prototype of the hybrid magnetostrictive-piezoelectric barrel-stave projector is fabricated according to the conclusions of optimization analysis. It is verified that the hybrid projector has a good many advantages such as low-frequency, much broader bandwidth, higher sound power, compact size and less weight by the computed and measured results. The prototype of the hybrid projector has a size of 88mm in outside diameter and 316mm in length, with an underwater resonant frequency of 1.04kHz, Q factor of 2.08 for -3dB bandwidth, and maximum sound level of 194.1dB at the resonant frequency. A new hybrid magnetostrictive-piezoelectric Class III flextensional transducer is designed on the basis of the work about the hybrid magnetostrictive-piezoelectric barrel-stave projector in order to achieve much less mechanical Q factor and more enhanced sound power by combining the advantages of the multiple-mode-coupling effect with the hybrid exciting technique. And it is shown that this new design could realize a remarkable -3dB bandwidth from 1.3kHz to 7.5kHz and maximum sound level over 200dB under proper exciting mode by the computed results. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-05-07 |
| 页码 | 107 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.59.140/handle/311008/286]  |
| 专题 | 声学研究所_声学所博硕士学位论文_1981-2009博硕士学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 柴勇. 磁致伸缩－压电联合激励弯张换能器研究[D]. 声学研究所. 中国科学院声学研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：声学研究所
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