小口径钻孔超声检测中若干关键技术的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 梁鸿翔 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2005-05-14 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院声学研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 声学研究所 |
| 关键词 | 建筑检测 小孔径钻孔超声检测 自适应噪声消除 匹配滤波器 超声传播衰减 时变增益 电力线载波 姿态测量 USB2.0 |
| 其他题名 | Research of Some Key Technologies of the Small Drilling Hole Ultrasonic Detection |
| 学位专业 | 信号与信息处理 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着建筑质量要求的提高和建筑检测技术在中国的兴起，超声法钻孔检测技术由于其非接触式测量的优点，越来越受到业界的重视。小孔径钻孔超声检测是钻孔检测技术中的一种，它利用孔壁对超声波的反射特性来检测钻孔孔径的截面状况以及垂直度数据。文中在广泛深入地了解了建筑用钻孔检测设备的发展现状和建筑领域桩基检测的新的需求的基础上，对小口径钻孔超声检测仪的设计中的以下几个关键问题进行讨论： 1、首先对超声波在泥浆中的传播特性和衰减进行了分析，为系统的设计提供声学理论依据。 2、信号处理算法方面，针对小孔径钻孔超声检测的测量盲区，引出“同频串扰噪声背景下的信号检测”问题，并使用自适应方法进行噪声消除；同时对于信号没有淹没在同频串扰噪声中的情况，对发射信号进行设计，并使用匹配滤波器估计传播时间。 3、对换能器的各参数和选择进行了讨论，给出了换能器选择的原则。 4、信号接收电路设计上，分析较为关键的带通滤波器的设计和时变增益模块的设计。 5、发射驱动模块上，介绍发射电路，并借用电力线载波的思想，用直流电力线传输发射驱动信号。 6、探头姿态确定方面，讨论比较传统的导航姿态确定方案和磁罗盘和MEMS倾角测量芯片方案，并给出后者的实现。 7、 介绍了数据处理控制模块的设计，使用ST公司的STM32F103系列ARM Cortex-M3芯片对其它模块进行集成综合，并利用STM32F103的全速USB2.0接口和上位机进行数据传输控制。 针对上述研究内容，进行了大量的实验研究和计算机仿真分析。结果显示，较好地解决了小孔径钻孔超声检测中的关键技术问题，具有良好的应用前景。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the development of building-quality-detection technology, ultrasonic method for drilling-hole detection has become widely used in the building construction field. The small-drilling-hole ultrasonic detection is one type of the non-contact measurement and has attracted more and more attention in this field. It uses ultrasonic reflection characteristics to detect the quality and the verticality of drill hole. This paper introduces the current situation of the drilling hole detection equipment and researches into several key problems of the small drilling hole ultrasonic detection. 1. Firstly, ultrasonic propagation and attenuation characteristics in drilling mud are analyzed. 2. Un-measurable area problem of the small-drilling-hole ultrasonic detection is presented. Based on this, an adaptive noise cancelling technique has been introduced to eliminate the homo-frequency interference in the small drilling hole detection; Signal and matched filter designs also have been introduced when the signal is not been submerged by the homo-frequency interference. 3. The choice principle of the parameters of ultrasonic transducer is studied too. 4. Band-pass filter and time-variable-gain amplifier of receiving circuit are also discussed. 5. In the transmitting module section, a concept of power line carrier is introduced, and base on it, the solution of transmitting circuit is given. 6. In the section of attitude determination module, a comparison between the traditional navigation method and electronic-compass-plus-MEMS method is presented. 7. Data processing and control module is introduced too. In this paper, the STM32F103 series MCU has been used to design data processing and control module and synthesis other modules, and USB2.0 interface which is in the MCU has been used to transfer data and command between PC and data processing and control module. Based on the small drilling hole detection experimental system and computer simulation, a lot of experiments have been done to verify the methods mentioned above. The results indicate that many key technological problems are solved and such methods are correct and valuable in practical engineering. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-05-07 |
| 页码 | 92 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.59.140/handle/311008/586]  |
| 专题 | 声学研究所_声学所博硕士学位论文_1981-2009博硕士学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梁鸿翔. 小口径钻孔超声检测中若干关键技术的研究[D]. 声学研究所. 中国科学院声学研究所. 2005. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：声学研究所
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