The Stroop task is a classic paradigm that can be used to examine cognitive control as it contains conditionswith and without interference. Cumulative evidence suggests that both stimulus and response conflictcontribute to the Stroop interference effect. However, it remains unclear whether there are dissociableevent-related potential (ERP) or frequency band-specific electroencephalographic (EEG) power changesassociated with stimulus conflict and response conflict. To investigate potential markers for each formof conflict, we applied a Stroop 2-1 mapping task in 20 healthy young adults. Results showed that anegative deflection in the 350–500 ms time window (N450) and a positive deflection in the 600–900 mstime window (late positive component, LPC) were associated with response conflict and stimulus conflict,respectively. Time-frequency analyses found that both stimulus and response conflict induced theta bandpower changes and that response conflict additionally induced a beta band power change. These resultsindicate that stimulus and response conflict in the Stroop task are associated with different ERP effectsand brain oscillatory features.