Pedicularis yaoshanensis H. Wang from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species was found growing on wet cliffs, at high elevations in the Yaoshan Mountain. It is placed in Pedicularis series Longiflorae Prain. The main diagnostic features of P. yaoshanensis include its acaulescent habit, pinnatipartite leaves, calyx with 3 lobes (the posterior one smaller and tripartite), the deflexed galea beak Pointing downward., and the two posterior filaments of the stamens glabrous. A key to similar species is given, and its relationships discussed.