精准激光频率相位控制技术研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 陈泽恒 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 蔡海文 |
| 关键词 | 激光相频控制，频率调制光谱稳频技术，光学锁相环技术，伪随机码测距，光纤时频传递 Laser frequency&phase control, Frequency modulation spectroscopy, Optical phase-locked loop, Pseudo-random ranging, Fiber-optic joint time and frequency transfer |
| 其他题名 | Study of Precise Laser Frequency and Phase Control Technology |
| 英文摘要 | 随着经济全球化和全球信息化的爆炸性发展，人类愈发渴望获取更多、更准确、更丰富的信息。当承载信息的传统电磁波已无法满足人们的需求时，激光作为人工产生的一种频率更高的相干电磁波应运而生。随着现代信息科学的发展，光子或者光波作为超高速率、超大容量的信息载体必然会替代传统的电子或电磁波。激光在经过了50多年的发展以后，已经出现了非常丰富的应用，涵盖了工业、农业、医疗、军事、研究等各个方面。随着激光应用的不断发展，人们已经不满足于使用激光，进而转向对激光频率相位的精准控制。基于这样的背景，本文以精准激光频率相位控制在激光雷达技术中的种子激光器系统以及光纤时间同步与频率传递系统的应用，其主要研究成果及创新点如下： 1) 针对用于高精度大气CO2浓度测量的差分吸收激光雷达（Differential Absorption LIDAR，DIAL）技术中的种子激光器系统的应用需求，根据其工作原理，深入研究了基于反馈控制系统模型的频率调制光谱稳频技术的原理并建立了 对应数学模型，仿真并分析了在理想条件下对于稳频精度的影响因素，并优化系统参数设计；研究了用于激光差频锁相的光学锁相环技术的原理及其对应数学模型，联合反馈控制的数学模型分析了其环路组件设计对于激光差频锁定性能的影响。对DIAL种子激光器样机的研制工作有着重要的指导意义。 2) 针对DIAL中稳频种子激光器的应用需求，设计并制作了应用于星载条件下的空芯光子晶体光纤（Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber，HC-PCF）气体吸收池，并对其进行了特性测试与研究。包括探究HC-PCF实际应用中作为参考源存在的噪声来源，设计了多种实验方案，确定了主要噪声来源并根据实验分析初步结果。提出了一种基于端面熔融塌缩的新型HC-PCF气体吸收池结构制备方法，可以很好地抑制传统结构中存在的显著背景震荡噪声问题，该方法已经授权发明专利。 3) 研制了DIAL种子激光器系统机载样机。根据DIAL种子激光器工作原理，分别设计了基于HC-PCF气体吸收池的CO2的调制多普勒光谱稳频激光器系统，以及与稳频激光器输出参考激光频率相位锁定的Online&Offline从激光器系统。设计了光路结构，电子学部分以及软件部分，完成了整体机载样机的搭建并撰写了相关样机工程化文档。基于试验样机，光子晶体光纤气体吸收池每十分钟温控精度达到1mK，并实现了5小时内频率稳定性485 KHz（峰峰值）的on-line稳频激光输出。 4) 针对光纤时频传递（Fiber Time & Frequency Transfer，FTFT）系统在实际应用需求，深入研究了基于伪随机码调制扩频与解调的测距体系原理，并建立了对应数学模型。根据扩频测距系统的应用特性，设计了基于FPGA伪随机码扩频时延测量系统，并进行了测试。针对FPGA系统特性，分析并优化了在伪随机码产生以及捕获跟踪阶段所需的各项算法。在LabVIEW Real-Time系统中利用伪随机码扩频测距实现光纤时延测量，时延测量最大不确定度为185ps，时延测量分辨率优于200ps。; With the rapid development of Economic Globalization and Global Information, Humans are increasingly eager to get more accurate and richer information. When the information carried by electromagnetic waves can not meet the needs of the people, the laser came into being as a kind of artificially produced coherent electromagnetic wave with higher frequency. With the development of modern information science, photon or lightwave is bound to replace the traditional electronic or electromagnetic waves as an information carrier which is ultra-high-speed and large capacity. After 50 years of development, laser has a wide range of applications including industry, agriculture, medical, military, research and et al. However, people are pursuing precise control of the lasers instead of common using of them. In consideration of the precise laser frequency-phase control in seed laser system for LIDAR and the application of fiber time synchronization and frequency transfer system, the main contents and innovations of the thesis are as follows: 1) In consideration of the application requirements of the laser seeder system that work for Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) for high-precision atmospheric CO2 concentration measurement, A frequency modulation spectrum model based on the feedback control system technology and an laser difference-frequency lock sytem based on Optical Phase-Lock-Loop (OPLL) system technology are studied and built respectively under its working principle. And then I built a basic feedback Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) controlled mathematical model, which has an important guiding significance to the follow-up laser system development. 2) According to the application requirements of frequency-stabilized seed lasers in DIAL, a Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (HC-PCF) gas cell applied in space borne environment is designed and fabricated. Its characteristics, including exploring the noise source that exists as a reference source for HC-PCF practical applications, are also tested and researched. Based on this research, a lot of experimental schemes are designed, a granted patent for new type HC-PCF gas absorption structure based on end melt collapse is proposed, which can suppress significant background vibration noise problems that exist in traditional structures. 3) A DIAL seed laser system prototype is well built. The CO2 modulation saturation absorption spectroscopy frequency-stabilized laser system about HC-PCF gas absorption as well as the Online & Offline slave laser system whose frequency-phase locked with frequency-stabilized laser reference output are designed respectively. I had finished the optical, electrical and software design for the DIAL seed laser system. On the basis of the experimental prototype, I test the output stability of the frequency-stabilized laser, and analyze the relevant results. The temperature control accuracy of HC-PCF gas cell reached about 1mK/10 mins. It achived an online laser stability frequency jiltter within 485 KHz RMS over 5 hours. 4) In view of the practical application requirements of Fiber Time & Frequency Transfer (FTFT) system, the principle of ranging system based on Pseudo Random Code Spread Spectrum is studied in depth and a corresponding mathematical model is established. According to the application characteristics of FTFT system, a pseudo-random code spread spectrum system based on LabVIEW-FBGA is designed and tested. Aiming at the characteristics of FPGA system, the algorithms needed in pseudo-random code generation and tracing are analyzed and optimized, and the pseudo-random code spread spectrum ranging technology that is implemented in LabVIEW Real-Time system using for fiber optics delay measurement. It achived a measure stability within 185 ps while the resolution is better than 200 ps. |
| 学科主题 | 光学工程 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.siom.ac.cn/handle/181231/31024]  |
| 专题 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈泽恒. 精准激光频率相位控制技术研究[D]. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海光学精密机械研究所
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