It is well known that high temperature and high pressure water-fluid is widely found in earth’s interior, especially in the crust and upper mantle,the compaction of diagenetic processes, magmatic differentiation, metamorphic dehydration, atmospheric precipitation, plate subduction and seawater seepage and other geological processes all can produce high tepmerature and high pressure water-fluid in the crust, even in the interspace, pores and cracks of rocks in the upper mantle. High temperature and high pressure water-fluid in the interior of the earth is the most effective transmission medium for materials and energy in earth’s interior, it is also the most active chemical reaction medium in the earth, the interaction between it and other materials(minerals, rocks, ores, solid organic matter and melt) inside the earth is the most important ones in the crust and upper mantle, These kinds of interactions seriously restricts the occurrence and development of various thermodynamics and dynamics in the earth.High temperature and high pressure hydrothermal simulation experiment and in situ observation is one of the most important way to understand the high temperature and high pressure water-flow in the earth’s interior, and to know the composition, structure, characteristics and evolution of other materials of earth’s interior under the condition of high pressure hydrothermal environment, they are also the most direct way to reveal the interaction process of high temperature and high pressure water-flow in the earth’s interior with other materials of earth’s interior. In all kinds of high pressure hydrothermal in situ observation technique, the in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement and the in situ microscopic observation are considered to be the most common and most important in-situ technique, the former can reveal composition, microstructure, property and evolution processing of the high temperature and high pressure water-flow and its coexisting phase; the latter can direct show the spatial morphology, position and evolution of water-flow coexisting phase and flow-flow’s interface.Due to the in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement and the in situ microscopic observation in high pressure hydrothermal experiments, even in high pressure hydrothermal-related engineering and industrial production has a very wide range of applications. scientists and engineers in different areas make great effores to research these two types of in situ technologies and achieve good developments. However, making a general survey of various fields, there are still many problems to be solved. These problems are mainly as follows:(1) As the temperature endurance of the general objectives is quite limited, the high temperature pressure vessel docked with objectives due to the structural requirements of the structure usually need to have a certain size and occupy a larger space, so that the current two types of systems can only be taken to build the distant external objective optical path, which led to the Raman signal intensity and white light imaging resolution has been greatly limited.(2) In addition to individual reports, the confocal technique has not been successfully achieved between the in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement system and the in situ microscopic observation system. which makes the excitation of the Raman signal by laser on the sample surface of samples have a great blindness.(3) In order to maximize the strength of the Raman signal and the resolution of the micro-image, the size and space occupied by the high temperature pressure vessel are minimized. However, the small size of the high temperature pressure vessel severely limits the compatibility between these two in situ techniques and other in situ measurement systems.(4) As fluorescence excited by the laser along the optical path greatly increases the background noise of Raman spectrum, so when temperature inside the high pressure vessels higher than 350℃，it is difficult to get the ideal Raman signal for the in situ Raman measurement systems used in the vast majority of high-pressure hydrothermal vessels All of these defects severely limit the application of these two types of in situ technology in related fields. In order to solve these problems, based on the autoclave experiment system of our laboratory, we developed a set of in-situ microscopic observation and confocal Raman spectroscopy on the basis of mechanical principle, geometric optics, laser physics, Raman spectroscopy, principle of optical design, micro-nano matching, and the high temperature and high pressure experimental geochemistry and hydrothermal autoclave experimental technology principle, the main achievements are as follows:(1)The resolution of our in situ microscopic observation system can reach to 2 microns.(2)The Raman signal obtained by the in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy system we developed in this work have high signal-to-noise ratio, even if the samples measured are at the temperature of 400℃.(3)In this work, we successfully achieve the confocal technique between the in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement system and the in situ microscopic observation system.Thus the in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement system we developed in this work have the function of providing the accurate positioning of Raman signal on the surface of solid samples.(4)The in situ Raman spectroscopy measurement system and the in situ microscopic observation system developed in this work can work under the condition of 600℃ and 100 MPa，and currently it can have worked under the condition of temperature higher than 400℃ and pressure higher than 30 MPa.(5)The in situ Raman spectrum measurement system and in situ microscopic observation system developed in this work can be installed on the pressure vessels for high temperature, it does not interfere with other in situ measurement systems installed on the pressure vessels for high temperature when it works.