辽河流域径流与输沙演变研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 陕西 |
| 导师 | 穆兴民 |
| 学位专业 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 中文摘要 | 辽河流域位于东北黑土区的西南部，其在东北乃至全国国民经济中占有重要地位，但严重的水土流失使得辽河流域的治理和开发问题格外突出。本文以辽河流域为研究对象，通过对流域内及周边的30 个气象站1960~2005 年日降雨资料和兴隆坡、铁岭、新民、六间房等四站1960~2005 年径流及输沙数据的分析，探讨流域侵蚀发生的气候背景，分析径流输沙的变化过程和演变趋势。主要结论如下：1.分析辽河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征辽河流域降雨集中，降雨年际变化大，侵蚀性降雨比例占到60%以上。辽河流域降雨侵蚀力在1000~4000MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a)之间，其空间变化由流域东南部向西北部减小，在赤峰形成低值区。降雨侵蚀力年际波动大，典型站降雨侵蚀力极值比高达24.15。同时M-K 检验表明，流域降雨侵蚀力无明显变化趋势。降雨侵蚀力年内分布集中，6~8 月3 个月降雨侵蚀力约占全年的80%，西辽河流域仅7月份的降雨侵蚀力就占全年的40%，年内分布呈尖峰型。2.辽河流域径流量和输沙量的年际变化特征（1）径流量年际变化大。上游老哈河径流量丰枯交替频繁，年际差异大，极值比达41.7；干流铁岭和六间房两站径流量变化比较相似，并呈现出阶段性变化特征。支流柳河新民站的径流量年际变化相对平稳，径流量波动较小。（2）输沙量年际变化剧烈，多沙少沙年份差异显著。干流输沙量年际差异大，铁岭输沙量极值比达639。辽河输沙量也表现出一定的阶段性特征，上游老哈河和辽河干流在60 年代初期输沙量较大，70 年代输沙量减小，到80 年代中期至90 年代初期输沙量又有短暂上升。（3）径流输沙有突变现象。兴隆坡、铁岭、六间房径流量在1985 年出现突变，新民径流量突变出现在1971 年；在输沙量方面，兴隆坡的突变出现在1976年，铁岭、六间房在1985 年前后。（4）水沙关系的变化特点。兴隆坡、铁岭水沙关系相对稳定，呈线性相关；新民在1970 年以后，六间房在1985 年以后水沙相关性较好。3.利用Mann-Kendall 法和Husrt 指数分析了径流输沙的变化趋势。辽河径流量和输沙量在过去50 年里呈减小趋势，并在未来一段时间内将持续减少。4.辽河流域径流和输沙来源不同。干流径流量主要来自左侧支流，而输沙量则与上游铁岭输沙和柳河新民输沙相关。同时分析还指出，在铁岭和新民以下，泥沙淤积较严重。5.对典型流域进行了分析。老哈河输沙与降雨侵蚀力相关性极显著，但由于该区多局部性暴雨，产沙显著，造成面降雨侵蚀力不能完全反映当年流域内的输沙情况。柳河径流沿程增加，输沙沿程减少，产沙主要集中在闹德海以上区域。闹德海径流输沙年内分布集中，6~9 月径流量占全年的59.4%，输沙量占全年的89.7%。径流输沙年际变化大， 60 年代多水多沙，水沙关系差；70 年代后进入枯水期，径流量和输沙量较小，水沙关系改善。 |
| 英文摘要 | Liaohe Basin locates in the southwest of the black soil region. Its serious soilerosion conflicts with its important economic role in the northeast China even thewhole China. Based on the daily rainfall data of 1960~2005 of 30 meteorologicalweather stations and the runoff and sediment data of 4 hydrology stations(Xinglongpo,Tieling, Xinmin, Liujianfang), the rainfall forces of the soil erosion and the changeprocess of the runoff and sediment in the last 50 years are analyzed. The main resultsare as below:1. Analyzed the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall erosivity basedon the daily rainfall data that larger than 12mm. The rainfall is centralized in the year,and varies greatly among years. The erosive rainfall occupies 60% of the rainfall.Through the analysis, it suggested that rainfall erosivity declines from southeast tonorthwest and varies from 1000 to 4000 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a). The inter-annual variationis large that the extremes ratio of Linxi is up to 24.15. The season distribution ofrainfall erosivity is centralized that June, July and August occupies 80% of the wholeyear.2. The annual variation characteristics of hydrological elements were analyzed.The results are: (1) Runoff varies greatly among years in Liaohe Basin. The high andlow water years alternate frequently and have a huge difference between years inLaohahe that extreme ratio goes to 41.7. The runoff change processes of Tieling andLiujianfang which are on the trunk stream are similar: From the 1960s to the early1980s was low water period，and then runoff became larger in the late 1980s. Xinminwhich is on the Liuhe branch has a steady runoff. (2) The sediment varies intenselyand there are great differences between low sediment years and high sediment years.The extreme ratio of Tieling is nearly 639. The sediment has a stage characteristic thatsediment was high in the early 1960s, declined in the 1970s and raised in the 1980s.(3)Runoff and sediment changed abruptly during the last 50 years. Xinglongpo,Tieling and Liujianfang had a flow change in 1985, Xinmin had a change in 1971. Atthe sediment, Xinglongpo had a change in 1976, Tieling and Liujianfang had a changearound 1985. (4)Analysis of the characteristics of relationship between water andsediment. There was a stationary linear dependence between flow and sediment ofTieling and Liujianfang. But that relationship of Xinmin changed at 1970, andLiujianfang changed at 1985.3. Analyzed the trends of water and sediment with Mann-Kendall method andHurst index. The runoff and sediment had significant attenuation trends in the past 50years, and will have persistent reductions in future.4. The sources of the flow and sediment are different. Most water comes fromthe branch on the left of the trunk stream. And for the sediment, there is a significantcorrelation between Liujianfang and Tiling, Xinmin. The sediment is serious in thedownstream was concluded in this study.5. Further studied the runoff and sediment in the typical basins. In the Laohahebasin, there is a significant correlation between the rainfall erosivity and sediment.But it can not explain all the changes of sediment as the sediment yields mainly frompartial rainfalls. In the Liuhe basin, the runoff increases and sediment decreases alongthe stream, and it can be concluded that the sediment comes from the section up ofNaodehai. The runoff and sediment within June to September account for 59.4% and89.7% of that of the whole year. And they changed greatly. In the 1960s, with the highwater and high sediment, the relationship between them was bad, in the 1970s, lowwater and low sediment, the relationship was better. |
| 公开日期 | 2011-07-01 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/4125]  |
| 专题 | 水土保持研究所_水保所知识产出(1956-2013) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | . 辽河流域径流与输沙演变研究[D]. 陕西. 中国科学院研究生院. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：水土保持研究所
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