合成生物柴油用固体催化剂的制备与表征
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘畅 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-05-31 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 广州能源研究所 |
| 导师 | 袁振宏 |
| 关键词 | 生物柴油 纳米 磁性 催化剂 动力学 |
| 其他题名 | Preparation and characterization of solid catalysts for biodiesel production |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | As energy consuming and the environment deterioration, development of the fuel that can be substitute for petroleum and protection the surroundings that people depend on is a serious problem to the human beings. Biodiesel, a renewable, biodegradable, nontoxic fuel, is paid attention by countries in the world. Currently, the process have been used in industry of biodiesel is homogeneous acid-base method. This process is mature but the huge usage of methanol and environment pollution. It brings the problem of post-treatment of biodiesel and cost increasing. So, the increment cost of biodiesel abates the competitive power of biodiesel to the traditional petroleum. A new type of nanometer magnetic solid base catalyst has been prepared by precipitation method for preparation of biodiesel, which can be instead of acid-base method. This catalyst has good catalytic activity and can filter out from reactive system. It can simplify the post-treatment and decrease the pollution through the process. Furthermore, it reduces the cost of investment and running. Firstly, the ion-exchange method is taken advantage of regenerating action resin catalyst. Figure out the effect between regeneration efficiency and the three factors, regeneration time, regeneration temperature and the concentration of regenerable solution, by rank difference. The outcomes show that the factor of regeneration temperature is most influential. The next is the concentration of regenerable solution. The effect of regeneration time is most effectless. The catalytic activity of renewable action resin can reach 95.62% of new catalyst. Secondly, via researching the magnetic supporter Fe3O4 of the new type of nanometer magnetic solid base catalyst, to determine conditions of preparation and characters of the magnetic supporter. The results show that the average grain diameter of Fe3O4 prepared by precipitation is 17.433nm, and magnetization is 79.319emu/g. Though the average grain diameter of Fe3O4 precipitated at room temperature is bigger than that of Fe3O4 precipitated at 65℃, the dispersivity of Fe3O4 precipitated at room temperature is better. At the condition of 800℃, the catalytic activity material loaded on the surface of Fe3O4 can protect the superparamagnetism of magnetic supporter. And the smaller the heating rate is, the higher the superparamagnetism is. Thirdly, choosing the loaded catalytic activity material, and find out that the catalytic activity is the highest when CaO loaded on it. The performance of nanometer magnetic solid base catalyst precursor calcined at high temperature is researched by thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis, and calcine temperature that activate catalyst is defined. Optimize the conditions of catalyst preparation, discover that under the conditions of proportion of CaO and Fe3O4 supporter is 7:1, precipitation with NaOH, the catalytic activity is the highest and the catalytic rate is fastest: the rate of transesterification is above 95% within 80 min and can reach 98% ultimately. Optimize the conditions of the transesterification reaction catalyzed by this new magnetic catalyst. figure out that the best conditions is that methanol to oil mo1ar ratio of 15 and the catalyst dosage of 2% to oil at 70 ℃, the biodiesel yield reaches to 95% in 80 min, even to 98% finally. Analyze the main crystalling phase of the catalyst by x-ray diffraction analysis, Ca2Fe2O5, a kind of new metal multiple oxide, was formed during the process of calcining. Characterize the specific surface area, surface morphology and superparamagnetism by BET, SEM, VSM, and find out the reasons that high catalytic activity of the new type catalyst. Measure the recovery rate and the catalytic life of the catalyst, and the results illustrate that the recovery rate is 91.45% separated by additional magnetic field; after 5 reactions, the transesterification rate is still above 90%. After 10 times used, the transesterification rate is above 70%. The main crystalling phase of used catalyst is not obviously changed analized by x-ray diffraction. At the last, through the heterogeneous catalyst reaction kinetics analysis, a kinetic equation that can precisely describes reaction catalyzed by nanometer magnetic solid base catalyst is established. The activation is 23.499 kJ/mol, and the reaction rate equation is: . It accumulates data for the post research of this new type catalyst. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-07-10 |
| 页码 | 75 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.giec.ac.cn/handle/344007/4027]  |
| 专题 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘畅. 合成生物柴油用固体催化剂的制备与表征[D]. 广州能源研究所. 中国科学院广州能源研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：广州能源研究所
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