生物油超声乳化液柴油发电机中燃烧特性研究
文献类型：学位论文
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| 作者 | 梁伟 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-05-31 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 广州能源研究所 |
| 导师 | 王铁军 |
| 关键词 | 生物油 超声乳化 同步热分析红外联用 柴油发电机 燃烧特性 |
| 其他题名 | Combustion Characteristics of Ultrasonic Emulsion of Bio-oil and Diesel in Diesel Generator |
| 中文摘要 | Recently, with the rapid development of chinese economy, the energy demand increases rapidly, the increase amplitudes of the crude oil and the refined oil import reach new heights, the supply of diesel is short. The energy problem has become the most concerned hot issues. Exploiting renewable energy is an effective method to relieve the energy supply crisis, so the biomass energy research has received great attention. Bio-oil has’t only the advantages of high energy density, easy storage, easy transportion and rich organic ingredient, etc., but also the characteristics of the clean fuel and the environment pollution reduction. Using bio-oil ultrasonic emulsion, the combustion experiment is studied in a modified single-cylinder diesel generator. It is great important significance to substitute for fossil fuels and to exploit bio-oil using ways. The paper carried on the research on the ultrasonic emulsification characteristics of bio-oil, the pyrolysis characteristics of bio-oil, diesel and emulsion and the combustion characteristics in the diesel generator. Four common emulsifiers and one co-emulsifier were selected and remixed to two new emulsifiers; Under certain conditions, the effect of two remixed emulsifiers, the mass ratios of remixed emulsifiers and the ultrasonic time on emulsifying effect were studied; Emulsification mechanism, thermodynamic analysis and economic analysis were preliminarily discussed; the thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) using bio-oil, diesel and emulsion were studied; using the bio-oil, diesel and emulsion, the combustion characterisitics, exhaust emissions and the impact to the components of the modified diesel generator were studied. First of all, the paper regarded the non-ionic surfactant of Span-80, Tween-80, Tween-20 and OP as the main emulsifier, n-octanol as the co-emulsifier. Then two compound emulsifiers were prepared by mechanical mixing, diluting and placing them. The emulsifying properties of the bio-oil aqueous solution and diesel were evaluated in the ultrasonic dispersed processor of direct insert type. The experiments showed that the mass ratios of bio-oil aqueous solution and diesel and different aqueous solution were the main factors of affecting the emulsifying properties. On the experimental conditions of ultrasonically processing time 120min, ultrasonic power 1kW, with the mass ratio of bio-oil aqueous solution and diesel 1:9, the mass ratio of bio-oil and distilled water 0.5, without demlusification time of emulsion was more than 30 days. Subsequently, the paper preliminarily discussed emulsification mechanism. Polar compounds such as water, aldehyde, acid and ketone from bio-oil aqueous solution were wrapped in W/O emulsion droplet, the compounds such as ethyl acetate and aromatic compounds were solubilized in the micelles of the nonionic emulsifiers. The thermodynamic analysis on emulsification showed that entropy increasing of ultrasonic emulsification process was more than that of resting bio-oil, and the emulsions tend to be equilibrium state. Economic analysis showed that the unit price of the emulsion is about 98% of that of diesel, of which the largest element were the unit price of the emulsifier. Secondly, the pyrolysis behavior of bio-oil, diesel and emulsion were studied at a heating rate of 20 K/min by synchronous thermo analysis (STA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). STA results showed that the weight loss stages of bio-oil mainly occured in 60℃~220℃ and 380℃~560℃, and after 560℃, the mass fraction of the residue was 7.9 wt% in a very slow weight loss; the weight loss stage of diesel mainly occured in 60℃~300℃; the weight loss stages of emulsion mainly occured in 60℃~290℃ and 300℃~380℃. FTIR analysis showed that, during the bio-oil pyrolysis process, free water was precipitated first, followed by small molecule alkanes, alcohols, ethers, aliphatic carboxylic acids, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and other substances, then a small amount of carbon monoxide was generated from the secondary cracking of macromolecular materials, finally, a lot of carbon monoxide and small water vapor were generated from the combustion of residual carbon; only easy volatile material such as alkanes, carboxylic acids and so on were precipitated during diesel pyrolysis process; during the emulsion pyrolysis process, easy volatile material such as alkanes, carboxylic acids and so on were precipitated first, then a lot of carbon monoxide were generated from the combustion of carbon. Finally, the combustion characteristics of bio-oil, diesel and emulsion were studied in modified diesel generator. Using the bio-oil, the diesel generator vibrated strongly, smoked black and continuous operated less than 1 min; using the emulsion, the diesel generator continuous operated about 30min and its output power reached 80% of full load. Compared with 0# diesel, below 60% load of the diesel generator, the results showed that oxygen emission, carbon dioxide emission and sulfuric dioxide emission are similar, carbon monoxide emission increased by about 1.5 times and nox emission decreased by about 30%. Above the 60% load, the results showed that oxygen emission maximum decreased by 21%, carbon dioxide emission maximum increased by 13.3%, carbon monoxide emission and sulfuric dioxide emission increased rapidly to 5000ppm and 62ppm, respectively, and nox emission decreased rapidly by 87.2%. The paper preliminary discussed the reason of the sharp increase of carbon monoxide emission. It may be the incomplete combustion and no micro-explosion. Using the emulsion, the diesel generator ran only for an hour, the surface of the injector was formed a certain amount of solid particles and a plug nozzle was blocked by carbon deposition. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-07-14 ; 2011-07-15 |
| 页码 | 95 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.giec.ac.cn/handle/344007/5870]  |
| 专题 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梁伟. 生物油超声乳化液柴油发电机中燃烧特性研究, Combustion Characteristics of Ultrasonic Emulsion of Bio-oil and Diesel in Diesel Generator[D]. 广州能源研究所. 中国科学院广州能源研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：广州能源研究所
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