As a new kind of optical imaging technology, polarimetric imaging can be able to identify the target that may be difficult to conventional ones and can reduce the influence of stray and complex environment. It can efficiently increase the detection dimension of the information and increase capability of target imaging and recognition by imaging the polarization properties of the optical wave. The dissertation researches a type of simultaneous polarization imaging optical system with divided aperture. This system is adopted the identification system of polarization and morphological feature, which can improve the ability of space target classification and recognition. It also can be used as a space-based space target imaging system, which can be used for the classification and recognition of space target. Polarization optical system is adopted the structure mode of two-mirror reflecting systems and field correction mirror, pupil division and four zoning registration scheme of array CCD detector. The system technical parameters are F#/12.5, EFL 1500mm, FOV 0.47°. The size of CCD pixel is 12μm×12μm. The system can detect the light of 0°/45°/90° and visible light for 450-850 nm spectrum. It reached the conclusion that optical system imaging quality is close to the diffraction limit at the Nyquist frequency 41.70lp/mm though simulation test, the system can meet the imaging requirements. © 2019 COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.