氮肥管理措施对新疆膜下滴灌棉田温室气体排放的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 马志雯 |
| 答辩日期 | 2017-05-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 授予地点 | 新疆乌鲁木齐 |
| 导师 | 高霄鹏 |
| 关键词 | 4R 新疆棉田 膜下滴灌 温室气体 氮肥管理 4R Xinjiang cotton field Plastic mulching and drip irrigation Greenhouse gas Nitrogen fertilizer management |
| 学位专业 | 工程硕士 |
| 英文摘要 | As the dominant cultivation system for cotton production in arid northwesternChina, the plastic mulching with drip irrigation system has many advantages such aswater conservation, soil warming and improving soil physical characteristics. Exploring "4R" fertilizer nitrogen (N) stewardship to improve fertilizer N useefficiency and reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions under such cultivation system isan important and urgent research topic in the area of arid land resources andenvironment. In this study, a field experiment was conducted at a cotton field underplastic mulching and drip irrigation at the Xinjiang National Grey Desert Soil Stationin 2015 and 2016. Static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to monitornitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions underdifferent N fertilizer management practices over the growing season. Meteorologicaldata and soil environmental factors were collected and used to identify the drivingfactors of soil greenhouse gas emissions from cotton fields under such a cultivationsystem. The effects of N fertilizer management practice on plant biomass, nitrogenuptake, yield and fiber quality of cotton were also evaluated. The main results were asfollow:(1) Emission peaks of soil N2O mainly occurred within one month after theapplication of basal fertilizer. Applications of in-season fertilizers with irrigation(fertigation) for urea (U) and urea with urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor (UI) treatments, however, did not induce N2O emission peaks. The cumulative N2Oemissions was greatest for polymer-coated urea (ESN) treatment (473 g N2O-N hm-2), which was 1.4~1.8 times greater than those of other treatments. N2O emission factorsof fertilizer treatments were only 0.008~0.089% in this study, which wereconsiderably lower than those reported in other studies. Cumulative emissions of CO2and CH4, global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity differed betweenyears but were not significantly affected by N treatments. (2) The low soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) and significantly positivecorrelation between cumulative N2O emission and nitrate intensity (R2=0.299，P<0.01)indicated that nitrification was the dominant process for N2O production in cottonfield under plastic mulching and drip irrigation in the arid region. The significantcorrelations of soil CO2 emission with soil temperature (R=0.788, P<0.01) or soilWFPS (R=0.378, P<0.01) implied that the difference of soil CO2 emissions betweenyears were possibly caused by the variations of soil temperature and moisture. (3) UI did not significantly affect the plant biomass, N uptake and N allocationsinto different parts of cotton compared to U. In 2015, applying ESN increased theplant biomass due to the high precipitation and air temperature. However, ESN didnot significantly affect N uptake and N allocations into different parts of cotton. Theplant biomass, N uptake, N allocation rates of cotton stalk and seed variedconsiderably between years. The plant biomass and N uptake were 1.4~2.3 and1.4~2.0 times greater in 2016 than in 2015, respectively. N allocation rate into cottonstalk was 49.2% higher in 2016 than in 2015, while N allocation rate into cotton seedwas 19.4% lower in 2016 than in 2015. (4) Seed cotton yield, lint cotton yield, lint percentage and fiber quality were notaffected by fertilizer N treatments in this study. By contrast, seed cotton yield, lintpercentage and most of the fiber quality indexes including fiber upper half meanlength, uniformity, strength, short fiber ratio, micronaire and spinning consistencyindex differed between years. For example, short fiber ratio and micronaire weregreater in 2015 than in 2016, while the other quality indexes were greater in 2016 than in 2015. |
| 学科主题 | 环境工程 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/14891]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_研究系统_荒漠环境研究室 |
| 作者单位 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马志雯. 氮肥管理措施对新疆膜下滴灌棉田温室气体排放的影响[D]. 新疆乌鲁木齐. 中国科学院大学. 2017. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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