We report on the discovery of a new genus ofmicrohylid subfamily Asterophryinae from northernand eastern Indochina, containing three new species.Vietnamophryne Gen. nov. are secretive miniaturizedfrogs (SVL<21 mm) with a mostly semi-fossoriallifestyle. To assess phylogenetic relationships, westudied 12S rRNA – 16S rRNA mtDNA fragmentswith a final alignment of 2 591 bp for 53 microhylidspecies. Morphological and osteological characterswere analyzed using micro-CT scanning and usedto describe the new genus. Results of phylogeneticanalyses assigned the new genus into the mainlyAustralasian subfamily Asterophryinae as a sistertaxon to the genus Siamophryne from southernIndochina. The three specimens collected fromGia Lai Province in central Vietnam, Cao BangProvince in northern Vietnam, and Chiang RaiProvince in northern Thailand proved to be separatespecies, different both in morphology and genetics(genetic divergence 3.1% ≤ P ≤ 5.1%). Our workprovides further evidence for the “out of Indo-Eurasia”scenario for Asterophryinae, indicating that the initialcladogenesis and differentiation of this group of frogsoccurred in the Indochina Peninsula. To date, eachof the three new species of Vietnamophryne Gen.nov. is known only from a single specimen; thus,their distribution, life history, and conservation statusrequire further study.