The Bama Xiang pig (BMX) is a famous early-maturingChinese indigenous breed with a two-end black coat.To uncover the genetic basis of the BMX phenotype,we conducted comparative genomic analyses betweenBMX and East Asian wild boars and Laiwu pigs,respectively. Genes under positive selection wereenriched in pathways associated with gonadal hormoneand melanin synthesis, consistent with the phenotypicchanges observed during development in BMX pigs. Wealso performed differentially expressed gene analysisbased on RNA-seq data from pituitary tissues of BMXand Large White pigs. The CTTNBP2NL, FRS2,KANK4, and KATNAL1 genes were under selectionand exhibited expressional changes in the pituitarytissue, which may affect BMX pig puberty. Our studydemonstrated the positive selection of early maturityin the development of BMX pigs and advances ourknowledge on the role of regulatory elements in pubertyevolution in pigs.