First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
文献类型:期刊论文
作者 | Akiyama,Kazunori1,2,3,4; Alberdi,Antxon5; Alef,Walter6; Asada,Keiichi7; Azulay,Rebecca6,8,9; Baczko,Anne-Kathrin6; Ball,David10; Balokovi?,Mislav4,11; Barrett,John2; Bintley,Dan12 |
刊名 | ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS |
出版日期 | 2019-04-10 |
卷号 | 875期号:1页码:17 |
ISSN号 | 2041-8205 |
关键词 | accretion, accretion disks black hole physics galaxies: active galaxies: individual (M87) galaxies: jets gravitation |
DOI | 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7 |
产权排序 | 第69完成单位 |
文献子类 | Article |
英文摘要 | When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux ratio greater than or similar to 10: 1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(9) M-circle dot. Our radio-wave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible. |
学科主题 | 天文学 ; 天体物理学 ; 高能天体物理学 ; 星系与宇宙学 |
URL标识 | 查看原文 |
出版地 | TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND |
WOS关键词 | SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK ; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION ; GHZ VLBI OBSERVATIONS ; RADIO-SOURCES ; GALACTIC-CENTER ; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS ; GRMHD SIMULATIONS ; FARADAY-ROTATION ; HIGH-RESOLUTION ; IONIZED-GAS |
资助项目 | Academy of Finland[274477] ; Academy of Finland[284495] ; Academy of Finland[312496] ; European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action[731016] ; Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University through the John Templeton Foundation[60477] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[PIA ACT172033] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[Fondecyt 1171506] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[BASAL AFB-170002] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[ALMA-conicyt 31140007] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[104497] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[275201] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[279006] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[281692] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417] ; European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant "Black-HoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes"[610058] ; Generalitat Valenciana[APOSTD/2018/177] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-3561] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-5278] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF 947] ; Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; JSPS ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008] ; Leverhulme Trust ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K13594] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K03656] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18H03721] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18K03709] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18H01245] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[25120007] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2112-M-001-025-MY3] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2112-M-001-011] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2119-M-001-027] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-017] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-020] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-110-005] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant)[80NSSC17K0649] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400702] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0352953] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0521233] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0705062] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0905844] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0922984] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1126433] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1140030] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[DGE-1144085] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207704] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207730] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207752] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[MRI-1228509] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11573051] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11633006] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11650110427] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[10625314] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11721303] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11725312] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873028] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873073] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[U1531245] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11473010] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2015-R1D1A1A01056807] ; National Research Foundation of Korea (Global PhD Fellowship)[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752] ; National Research Foundation of Korea (Korea Research Fellowship Program)[NRF-2015H1D3A1066561] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade ; Russian Science Foundation[17-12-01029] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2016-80889-P] ; State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award[SEV-2017-0709] ; National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE[89233218CNA000001] ; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA[CUP C52I13000140001] ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme[730562 RadioNet] ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; NSF[ACI-1548562] ; NSF[DBI-0735191] ; NSF[DBI-1265383] ; NSF[DBI-1743442] ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFA0402700] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) ; MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) ; IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain) ; State of Arizona ; NSF Physics Frontier Center award[PHY-0114422] ; Kavli Foundation ; GBMF[GBMF-947] ; National Science Foundation[PLR-1248097] ; NSF Physics Frontier Center grant[PHY-1125897] ; [TM6-17006X] ; [OPP-1248097] ; [AST-1310896] ; [AST-1312651] ; [AST-1337663] ; [AST-1440254] ; [AST-1555365] ; [AST-1715061] ; [AST-1615796] ; [AST-1614868] ; [AST-1716327] ; [OISE-1743747] ; [AST-1816420] |
WOS研究方向 | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
语种 | 英语 |
出版者 | IOP PUBLISHING LTD |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000464210800001 |
资助机构 | Academy of Finland[274477, 284495, 312496] ; European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action[731016] ; Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University through the John Templeton Foundation[60477] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[PIA ACT172033, Fondecyt 1171506, BASAL AFB-170002, ALMA-conicyt 31140007] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[104497, 275201, 279006, 281692] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417] ; European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant "Black-HoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes"[610058] ; Generalitat Valenciana[APOSTD/2018/177] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-3561, GBMF-5278, GBMF 947] ; Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; JSPS ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008] ; Leverhulme Trust ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090, JP18K13594, JP18K03656, JP18H03721, 18K03709, 18H01245, 25120007] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-027, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119-M-001-020, 107-2119-M-110-005] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant)[80NSSC17K0649] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704, 2016YFA0400702] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST-0521233, AST-0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST-1126433, AST-1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST-1207730, AST-1207752, MRI-1228509] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11573051, 11633006, 11650110427, 10625314, 11721303, 11725312, 11873028, 11873073, U1531245, 11473010] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2015-R1D1A1A01056807] ; National Research Foundation of Korea (Global PhD Fellowship)[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752] ; National Research Foundation of Korea (Korea Research Fellowship Program)[NRF-2015H1D3A1066561] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade ; Russian Science Foundation[17-12-01029] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P] ; State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award[SEV-2017-0709] ; National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE[89233218CNA000001] ; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA[CUP C52I13000140001] ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme[730562 RadioNet] ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; NSF[ACI-1548562, DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, DBI-1743442] ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFA0402700] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) ; MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) ; IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain) ; State of Arizona ; NSF Physics Frontier Center award[PHY-0114422] ; Kavli Foundation ; GBMF[GBMF-947] ; National Science Foundation[PLR-1248097] ; NSF Physics Frontier Center grant[PHY-1125897] ; [TM6-17006X] ; [OPP-1248097] ; [AST-1310896] ; [AST-1312651] ; [AST-1337663] ; [AST-1440254] ; [AST-1555365] ; [AST-1715061] ; [AST-1615796] ; [AST-1614868] ; [AST-1716327] ; [OISE-1743747] ; [AST-1816420] |
源URL | [http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/19723] |
专题 | 云南天文台_丽江天文观测站(南方基地) 云南天文台_中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室 |
通讯作者 | Akiyama,Kazunori |
作者单位 | 1.National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA 2.Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA 3.National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan 4.Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 5.Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain 6.Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany 7.Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C. 8.Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain 9.Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain 10.Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Akiyama,Kazunori,Alberdi,Antxon,Alef,Walter,et al. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,2019,875(1):17. |
APA | Akiyama,Kazunori.,Alberdi,Antxon.,Alef,Walter.,Asada,Keiichi.,Azulay,Rebecca.,...&Ziurys,Lucy.(2019).First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,875(1),17. |
MLA | Akiyama,Kazunori,et al."First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 875.1(2019):17. |
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来源:云南天文台
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