活化剂对黑土磷有效性及玉米产量影响研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 邱兰兰 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007-05-28 |
| 文献子类 | 博士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 关键词 | 温度 磷素活化剂 Olsen-p 无机磷 玉米产量 |
| 其他题名 | Effects of Phosphorus Activator on Validity of Phosphorus and Corn Yield in Black Soil |
| 英文摘要 | Phosphorus activator（PA） could improve phosphate availability effectively, decrease the amount of phosphate and settle the problem of lack of phosphorus resources. So the studies about improving P efficiency could be meaningful to agricultural production. Effects of temperature on plant nutrition and the validity of P were important. However people ignored the research about the effects of PA in different temperature. The paper selected the HA、H2、citrate as PA, used black soil in Jilin province as tested soil. With soil incubation test, the paper studied the effects of PA on Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P and Olsen-P in different temperature. With field experiment, the paper studied the corn yield and the relation between Olsen-P in black soil and corn yield. Results were showed in the following: ①Soil incubation test showed: When not phosphate fertilized, high temperature was propitious to the increase of Olsen-P and the amount of Olsen-P could increase with temperature increasing, while the case was opposite when phosphate fertilized. Whether with phosphate or not, the amount of Ca2-P，Ca8-P and Fe-P could elevate along with the temperature increasing while Al-P was just opposite. PA was good at increasing the amount of Olsen-P in black soil. The effects were difference in different temperature. Compared with the treatment B(phosphate fertilized), when 10℃, three kinds of PA, with the order being citrate＞HA＞H2, enhanced the amount of Olsen-P about 40.93%、33.06%、23.20% separately; when 20℃, about 32.35%、24.89%、16.72% separately, with the order being HA＞citrate＞H2; when 30℃, it’s not obvious to synergize compared to CK(B). PA could promote inorganic phosphates from one kind to another. Activations of PA reduced gradually along with the temperature increasing. When 10℃ and 20℃, PA could increase the amount of Ca2-P、Ca8-P and Al-P and decrease the amount of Fe-P. While 30℃, it should decrease the amount of Ca2-P and Ca8-P. Used related coefficient analysis and path coefficient analysis to discuss the relation between every form inorganic phosphates and available phosphates. Available phosphates that with draw by Olsen’s method mainly were Al-P and Ca2-P, whose relativity with Olsen-P were obvious. While available phosphates inversed related with Ca8-P, the relativity with Fe-P were not obvious. They still could put the indirect function to Olsen-P(Y) through affecting Al-P(X3) and Ca2-P(X1). ②Field experiment showed: The amount of Olsen-P in every treatment was decreasing from seedling stage to heading stage to mature stage especially from seedling stage to heading stage. The extent of decreasing was about 47.11%~50.17%. PA could augment the corn yield. Thereinto H2(450kg/hm2) was the best and the yield was 3.38kg bigger than CK with the efficiency about 9.32%. Citrate (15kg/hm2) and HA(150kg/hm2) were increased 5.99% and 4.99% separately. The relation was good between corn yield and the amount of Olsen-P at heading stage, which was following mature stage and seedling stage. Effects of PA on corn yield were mainly caused through increasing 1000-seed weight.; 磷肥低利用率造成了经济损失，给人们赖以生存的环境造成了不良后果，因而提高磷肥利用率意义重大。温度对植物磷营养及土壤磷有效性影响较大，然而探索不同温度下磷活化剂的效应（特别是对磷组成的影响）少有研究。本文以腐植酸（HA）、柠檬酸铵、活化剂H2为供试磷素活化剂，以吉林黑土为供试土壤，研究活化剂对土壤磷有效性及玉米产量的影响。 ①培养试验表明：自然不施磷水平下，在一定温度范围内，高温更有利于Olsen-P含量增加。施入磷肥后，情况相反，特别是培养前期，高温加速磷的固定。活化剂能有效提高土壤Olsen-P量，10℃和20℃时活化效果较好，主要通过增加Ca2-P、Ca8-P和Al-P含量来实现。10℃时三种活化剂活化能力为柠檬酸铵＞HA＞活化剂H2，分别提高土壤Olsen-P量达40.9%、33.1%、23.2%；20℃时活化能力为HA＞柠檬酸铵＞活化剂H2，分别提高32.4%、24.9%、16.7%；30℃时无明显增效。活化剂对无机磷总量无明显增效。通过相关分析、通径分析和回归分析证实，Al-P和Ca2-P是黑土有效磷的主要组分，与Olsen-P有极显著的相关性，其它形态的磷可以通过影响Al-P和Ca2-P的含量间接作用于Olsen-P。 ②大田试验表明：苗期-抽穗期-腊熟期各处理土壤有效磷含量都呈下降趋势，特别是苗期-抽穗期，有效磷含量急剧降低，下降幅度为47.1%~50.2%，活化剂处理都一定程度地减缓了有效磷下降的趋势。活化剂不同幅度的增大了玉米产量，以H2（450kg/hm2）产量为最，比对照增产9.32%，其次为柠檬酸铵（15kg/ hm2）和HA（150kg/ hm2），分别增产5.99%和4.99%。玉米产量与抽穗期土壤有效磷的相关性相对较大。活化剂处理对玉米产量的提高主要是通过增加千粒重来实现的。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-12-15 |
| 页码 | 79 |
| 源URL | [http://210.72.129.5/handle/321005/2573]  |
| 专题 | 沈阳应用生态研究所_沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 邱兰兰. 活化剂对黑土磷有效性及玉米产量影响研究[D]. 沈阳应用生态研究所. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：沈阳应用生态研究所
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