Past and Projected Freezing/Thawing Indices in the Northern Hemisphere
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Peng, Xiaoqing1; Zhang, Tingjun1; Liu, Yijing1; Luo, Jing2 |
| 刊名 | JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
 |
| 出版日期 | 2019-03-01 |
| 卷号 | 58期号:3页码:495-510 |
| 关键词 | Northern Hemisphere Climate change |
| ISSN号 | 1558-8424 |
| DOI | 10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0266.1 |
| 通讯作者 | Peng, Xiaoqing(pengxq@lzu.edu.cn) |
| 英文摘要 | Freezing/thawing indices are useful for assessments of climate change, surface and subsurface hydrology, energy balance, moisture balance, carbon exchange, ecosystem diversity and productivity. Current freezing/thawing indices are inadequate to meet these requirements. We use 16 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models available for 1850-2005, three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) during 2006-2100, and Climatic Research Unit gridded observations for 1901-2014, to assess the performance of freezing/thawing indices derived from CMIP5 models during 1901-2005. We also analyzed past spatial patterns of freezing/thawing indices and projected these over three RCPs. Results show that CMIP5 models can reproduce the spatial pattern of freezing/thawing indices in the Northern Hemisphere but that the thawing index slightly underestimated observations and the freezing index slightly overestimated them. The thawing index agreed slightly better with observations than did the freezing index. There is significant spatial variability in the freezing/thawing indices, ranging from 0 degrees to 10 000 degrees C day. Over the entire Northern Hemisphere, the time series of the area-averaged thawing index derived from CMIP5 output increased significantly at about 1.14 degrees C day yr(-1) during 1850-2005, 1.51 degrees C day yr(-1) for RCP2.6, 5.32 degrees C day yr(-1) for RCP4.5, and 13.85 degrees C day yr(-1) for RCP8.5 during 2006-2100. The area-averaged freezing index decreased significantly at -1.39 degrees C day yr(-1) during 1850-2004, -1.2 degrees C day yr(-1) for RCP2.6, -4.3 degrees C day yr(-1) for RCP4.5, and -9.8 degrees C day yr(-1) for RCP8.5 during 2006-2100. The greatest decreases in the freezing index are projected to occur at high latitudes and high altitudes, where the magnitude of the decreasing rate of the freezing index is far greater than that of the increasing rate of the thawing index. |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| WOS关键词 | ACTIVE-LAYER THICKNESS ; NEAR-SURFACE PERMAFROST ; KUPARUK RIVER-BASIN ; TIBETAN PLATEAU ; THERMAL STATE ; TEMPERATURE CHANGES ; ALPINE ECOSYSTEMS ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; THAWING INDEX ; CMIP5 |
| WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000460295500002 |
| 出版者 | AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC |
| URI标识 | http://www.irgrid.ac.cn/handle/1471x/2555549 |
| 专题 | 寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 |
| 通讯作者 | Peng, Xiaoqing |
| 作者单位 | 1.Lanzhou Univ, Lab Western Chinas Environm Syst, Minist Educ, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Peng, Xiaoqing,Zhang, Tingjun,Liu, Yijing,et al. Past and Projected Freezing/Thawing Indices in the Northern Hemisphere[J]. JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY,2019,58(3):495-510. |
| APA | Peng, Xiaoqing,Zhang, Tingjun,Liu, Yijing,&Luo, Jing.(2019).Past and Projected Freezing/Thawing Indices in the Northern Hemisphere.JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY,58(3),495-510. |
| MLA | Peng, Xiaoqing,et al."Past and Projected Freezing/Thawing Indices in the Northern Hemisphere".JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY 58.3(2019):495-510. |
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来源：寒区旱区环境与工程研究所
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