Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Ju, Xiao-Tang1; Xing, Guang-Xi2; Chen, Xin-Ping1; Zhang, Shao-Lin2; Zhang, Li-Juan3; Liu, Xue-Jun1; Cui, Zhen-Ling1; Yin, Bin2; Christie, Peter1,4; Zhu, Zhao-Liang2 |
| 刊名 | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
 |
| 出版日期 | 2009-03-03 |
| 卷号 | 106期号:9页码:3041-3046 |
| 关键词 | intensive agriculture synthetic N fertilizer denitrification nitrate leaching N deposition |
| ISSN号 | 0027-8424 |
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.0813417106 |
| 英文摘要 | Excessive N fertilization in intensive agricultural areas of China has resulted in serious environmental problems because of atmospheric, soil, and water enrichment with reactive N of agricultural origin. This study examines grain yields and N loss pathways using a synthetic approach in 2 of the most intensive double-cropping systems in China: waterlogged rice/upland wheat in the Taihu region of east China versus irrigated wheat/rainfed maize on the North China Plain. When compared with knowledge-based optimum N fertilization with 30-60% N savings, we found that current agricultural N practices with 550-600 kg of N per hectare fertilizer annually do not significantly increase crop yields but do lead to about 2 times larger N losses to the environment. The higher N loss rates and lower N retention rates indicate little utilization of residual N by the succeeding crop in rice/wheat systems in comparison with wheat/maize systems. Periodic waterlogging of upland systems caused large N losses by denitrification in the Taihu region. Calcareous soils and concentrated summer rainfall resulted in ammonia volatilization (19% for wheat and 24% for maize) and nitrate leaching being the main N loss pathways in wheat/maize systems. More than 2-fold increases in atmospheric deposition and irrigation water N reflect heavy air and water pollution and these have become important N sources to agricultural ecosystems. A better N balance can be achieved without sacrificing crop yields but significantly reducing environmental risk by adopting optimum N fertilization techniques, controlling the primary N loss pathways, and improving the performance of the agricultural Extension Service. |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| WOS关键词 | NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS ; ON-FARM EVALUATION ; NORTH CHINA ; CROPPING SYSTEMS ; WINTER-WHEAT ; SUMMER MAIZE ; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION ; RECENT TRENDS ; SOIL-WATER ; PLAIN |
| WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
| WOS类目 | Multidisciplinary Sciences |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000263844100015 |
| 出版者 | NATL ACAD SCIENCES |
| URI标识 | http://www.irgrid.ac.cn/handle/1471x/2558771 |
| 专题 | 南京土壤研究所 |
| 作者单位 | 1.China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China 3.Hebei Agr Univ, Coll Agr Resources & Environm Sci, Baoding 071001, Peoples R China 4.Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Agri Environm Branch, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Ju, Xiao-Tang,Xing, Guang-Xi,Chen, Xin-Ping,et al. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2009,106(9):3041-3046. |
| APA | Ju, Xiao-Tang.,Xing, Guang-Xi.,Chen, Xin-Ping.,Zhang, Shao-Lin.,Zhang, Li-Juan.,...&Zhang, Fu-Suo.(2009).Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,106(9),3041-3046. |
| MLA | Ju, Xiao-Tang,et al."Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 106.9(2009):3041-3046. |
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来源：南京土壤研究所
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