几种藜科植物种子形态、耐盐性以及幼苗存活的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘鹏 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 导师 | 田长彦，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 藜科植物 |
| 其他题名 | The research on seed shape, salt-tolerant characteristic and seedling survival of several kind of Chenopodiaceae in Xinjiang |
| 中文摘要 | 盐生环境是一种严峻的胁迫环境，对植物的生长、发育、繁殖等生活史的各阶段都产生着重要的影响。一般情况下，盐生植物种子对环境的适应能力，是植物对盐生环境适应性的重要体现；而植物发育早期对盐度的适应能力又是决定物种分布和群落组成的关键因素。本文对在不同温度条件下NaCl浓度对紫翅猪毛菜、浆果猪毛菜和钠猪毛菜种子萌发的影响；两种藜科植物的种子在干旱和盐渍条件下萌发后幼苗的存活情况和13种藜科植物种子形态结构与环境的适应性以及刺毛碱蓬2种不同形态种子结构和耐盐性方面进行了研究。结果表明： 3种猪毛菜种子萌发的最适温度为20～25℃，温度升高和降低都会使种子萌发率下降。浆果猪毛菜在无菌水中的萌发速度低于紫翅猪毛菜和钠猪毛菜，浓度低于0.2 mol/L的NaC1溶液对萌发的影响不大；随NaCl浓度的增高紫翅猪毛菜、浆果猪毛菜和钠猪毛菜种子萌发率降低，钠猪毛菜的耐盐能力要高于紫翅猪毛菜和浆果猪毛菜，一定的盐分胁迫不影响种子萌发潜力，其萌发恢复率随原处理溶液抑制程度的增加而增加。钠猪毛菜和菠菜种子的萌发率随着盐浓度的升高而降低，钠猪毛菜种子在0、0.2、0.4、0.6mol/LNaCl溶液中的萌发率分别是48%，23%，5%和2%；菠菜种子的萌发率分别是26%，5%，2%和0。钠猪毛菜幼苗在干燥30天重新放置在原溶液中以后仍然具有很高的存活率。已经萌发了的幼苗在干燥环境中仍然保持存活的能力是藜科植物为了适应极端干旱和盐渍荒漠环境的一个重要的生存策略。藜科植物种子种皮表面纹饰性状稳定，且具有丰富的多样性，种间差异显著。藜科植物种子微形态结构与生理功能及生态环境间存在一定的内在联系，研究结果表明藜科植物丰富的种子微形态特征在其系统分类中具有重要的参考价值。刺毛碱蓬2种不同类型的种子在不同温度、盐分条件下差异显著，棕色的大种子的萌发率和吸水速率高于黑色的小种子；并且2种类型的种子微形态结构不同。Halophyte is a natural flora that inhabits the salt environments. In the long term of evolution，halophytes have formed a lot of special strategies for survival and occurring in this habitat. During the plant life cycle，seeds of most plant species have the highest resistance to extreme environmental stresses，whereas seedlings are most susceptible. The period of germination and establishment is the most critical stage in the life cycle，which is a crucial factor in determining these pieces distribution and community components. The survival of plants under salt conditions is mainly associated with the germination mechanisms that ensure seed germination and seedling development at the favorable time and place. Systematical studies were made on germination of three halophyte species, Salsola affinis C. A. Mey.，Salsola foliosa (L.)Schrad.，and Salsola nitraria Pall.seed, and Germination and seedling survival after desiccation of Salsola nitraria Pall. and Spinacia oleracea L. were tested；Study on micromorphology of seed coats of common Chenopodiaceae plant in Xinjiang and configuration fabric and germinative conditions of Suaeda acuminata (C.A.Mey.)Maq seeds were scanned. The results were as followed: 1. The results show that the optimal temperature for germination of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey、Salsola foliosa (L.)Schrad. and Salsola nitraria Pall. seeds is about 25℃，while higher or lower temperature could result in the decrease of germination. Germination rate of their seeds is decreased with the increase of salinity. Seeds were transferred from salt solutions to distilled water after 9 days, and those from low salinities recovered quickly at cooler temperature regimes. Recovery germination percentages substantially decreased with an increase in salinity and temperature. Germinability of Salsola affinis C. A. Mey、Salsola foliosa (L.)Schrad. and Salsola nitraria Pall. seeds is the highest in late-spring when temperature is relatively high and salt accumulation is weak. 2. The seeds germinated well in solutions of up to 0.4mol/L NaCl, but none germinated in 0.6mol/LNaCl. After wetting for 5d, the germinating seedlings were transferred to dry filter paper and desiccated in room conditions (20 to 25 °C and 15 to 20% R.H.) for 15 or 30 days. Then, the seedlings were rewetted, each with its original solution. Seedlings that continued to grow after rewetting were counted as seedlings that had survived desiccation. Salsola nitraria Pall. were found to have seedlings with high percentages of desiccation tolerance, even after 30 days of desiccation, with the exception of Salsola nitraria Pall. which had low percentages of survival after desiccation. The ability of seedlings to germinate and survive in up to 0.4mol/L NaCl even after long periods of desiccation is an important survival strategy for species which inhabit saline deserts with unpredictable amounts and distribution of rain. 3. Comparisons were made between different species in the micromorphological characters of the seed coats by using Scanning Electronic Microscope.The results indecated that sculpturing on the seed coat surface was a stable trait,although it showed a wide range of diversity among different species.This character could be used as a valuable index in taxonomic study and in seed identification practice. 4. There is obvious difference between them on morphology．The germination percentage of seeds from different type was also studied．By statistical analysis，seeds from different type show different germination percentage and significant difference was found between big and small seeds. |
| 学科主题 | 植物生理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共74页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/7948]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘鹏. 几种藜科植物种子形态、耐盐性以及幼苗存活的研究[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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