塔里木沙漠公路防护林植物水分生理生态特性对灌溉量的响应
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 解婷婷 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 导师 | 张希明，新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 塔里木沙漠公路:多枝柽柳:梭梭:乔木状沙拐枣:茎干液流:水势:耗水量:生长特征Tarim Desert Highway:Tamarix ramosissima:Haloxylon ammodendron:Calligonum arborescens:stem sap flow:water potential:water consumption:growth characteristic |
| 其他题名 | Response of water physiological ecology characteristics of Tarim Desert Highway Shelterbelt to different irrigation norm |
| 中文摘要 | 水分是影响植物生存和生长发育的主要限制因子，其变化不仅使植物的形态结构发生变化，最直接的是对其水分生理特性的影响。在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地，对不同灌溉量条件下(35kg/株?次、28kg/株?次、17.5kg/株?次)防护林植物的水分生理特性进行了研究。获得了以下主要研究结果： ①、不同灌溉量条件下三种防护林植物的茎干液流速率日变化趋势为：乔木状沙拐枣和多枝柽柳在灌溉量为35kg/株?次条件和灌溉量为28kg/株?次条件的茎干液流日变化呈单峰型曲线，液流速率较高且变化幅度较大，在灌溉量为17.5kg/株?次条件下，其日变化呈双峰型曲线，液流速率较低，并且在灌溉量为17.5kg/株?次条件下，多枝柽柳和乔木状沙拐枣液流速率的最大值比在灌溉量为35kg/株?次和28kg/株?次下提前出现。但不同灌溉量条件下，梭梭茎干液流速率日变化趋势基本一致，都呈单峰型曲线。并且不同灌溉量条件下，三种植物平均液流速率和日液流累积量都表现为灌溉量为35kg/株?次＞灌溉量为28kg/株?次＞灌溉量为17.5kg/株?次。 ②、 不同灌溉量条件下三种防护林植物的清晨水势和午后水势都随着灌溉量的减少而降低。其月变化趋势呈单峰型曲线，7月份水势最低。方差分析表明，在降雨稀少的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地，由于灌溉量的减少，土壤水分条件的变差，三种防护林植物为适应水分亏缺的环境条件，可以通过降低其水势来平衡体内水分。 ③、不同灌溉量条件下，三种防护林植物各月单株日耗水量和年耗水量都随着灌溉量的减少而减少。在其整个生长季内日平均耗水量的动态变化趋势为单峰型。 ④、不同灌溉量条件下，防护林植物茎干液流速率与总辐射的相关性最强，并且随着灌溉量的减少，其茎干液流速率与总辐射、空气温度、相对湿度和风速的相关性均增强。 ⑤、在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工灌溉条件下，三种防护林植物的地上生长特征即基径、新枝直径、新枝长度的生长量都随着灌溉量的减少而降低。三种生长指标的平均生长速度都表现为灌溉量为35kg/株?次＞灌溉量为28kg/株?次＞灌溉量为17.5kg/株?次，但是即使在灌溉量为17.5kg/株?次条件下，三种防护林植物的生长并未停止，仍具有一定的生长量。 ⑥、估算得出2007年不同灌溉量条件下，防护林带总的耗水量分别为 381.2×104t、536.11×104t、668.19×104t。As a primary limiting factor affecting survival and growth of plants, its change not only affects plant’s form. and a immediate effect is that affects plant’s water physiological characteristics. The water physiological characteristics of shelterbelt plants under different irrigation norm (35, 28 and 17.5 kg?plant-1 once time) were studied in hinterland of Taklimakan Dersert. Major results as following: ①、The diurnal variation curve of stem sap flow of three shelterbelt plants under different irrigation norm were: When irrigating 35 and 28 kg?plant-1 once time, the diurnal variation of stem sap flow of Tamarix ramosissima、Calligonum arborescens changed in single peak curve and the variation extent were higher; as for irrigating 17.5 kg?plant-1 once time, the diurnal variation changed in two peak curve and the variation extent was small, and the appearance of maximal value of Tamarix ramosissima、Calligonum arborescens were earlier than haloxylon ammodendron’s. but the tendency of diurnal variation of stem sap flow of haloxylon ammodendron under different irrigation were identical. The represent of sap flow rate average and daily sap flow accumulation were: 35.0kg?plant-1once time＞28.0 kg?plant-1 once time＞17.5 kg?plant-1 once time. ②、With reducing irrigation amounts, the predawn and midday water potential of three shelterbelt plants all gradually decreased, the mensal variation of water potential were single curve, and the water potential of July were least. The analyses of prominence indicated, in the less rainfall of Taklimakan Desert hinterland, because of irrigation norm reduced, the moisture of soil decreased, in order to adapt water waning, the plants can balance themselves’ water through reduced water potential. ③、With the irrigation amounts reduced, the daily water consumption and the yearly water consumption of three shelterbelt plants decreased gradually. under different irrigation norm, the dynamic variation trend of average daily water consumption showed single curve in the period of their growth. ④、Under different irrigation norm, the correlations between stem sap flow and total radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, as well as wind speed were enhanced, among which that between stem sap flow rate and total radiation was always the best. ⑤、Under dripping irrigation in hinterland of Taklimakan desert，the growth amounts of stem diameter、twig diameter、twig length decreased with the irrigation norm reduced. The exhibition of average growth rate of three growth index were 35.0 kg?plant-1 once time＞28.0 kg?plant-1 once time＞17.5 kg?plant-1 once time, but under irrigating 17.5 kg?plant-1 once time, the growth of three protection forest plants was not stop, and had some growth amounts. ⑥、under different irrigation, the total water consumption of the desert highway shelterbelt were 381.2×104t、536.11×104t、668.19×104t separately in 2007. |
| 学科主题 | 植物生理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共70页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8026]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 解婷婷. 塔里木沙漠公路防护林植物水分生理生态特性对灌溉量的响应[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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