艾比湖流域水土开发的生态环境效应研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 周长海 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2002 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．环境科学． |
| 导师 | 雷加强，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 精河流域 |
| 其他题名 | Ecological Environment Domino Effect Made by Nature Resource Exploiture of Aiby Basin |
| 中文摘要 | 干旱区内陆河及尾间湖泊构成了完整的生态体系，沿河流分布的人工绿洲，是人类通过土地资源开发，重新配置水资源时空分布的重要区域。人类活动和自然因素影响下的河径流变化，不仅反映了人类的水土开发过程，并进一步影响到河流，湖泊生态系统，使之产生一系列的响应。艾比湖，古称喀喇塔拉额西柯卓尔气又称盐海气是新疆准噶尔盆地西南缘的水盐汇集中心，精河是它的重要补给河流之一。由于特殊的地理位置，精河成为艾比湖流域生态环境变化的敏感区，其114km的长度包含山地、绿洲、荒漠等主要景观单元。由于经受人为活动干预，在干旱气候条件、水资源分布空间差异性以及土壤条件的综合作用下，该区景观具有更大的空间异质性和演变性。二十世纪70年代末至90年代末是艾比湖流域水土开发程度不断加强，自然因素也发生显著变化的典型时期。在对比美国及中亚干旱区水土资源开发经验教训的基础上，本文选择精河流域及其尾间湖泊一艾比湖作为研究靶区，通过典型时段（1979、1991、1999）卫星影像解译，应用景观生态学原理及统计分析方法，研究近20年来，水土开发和自然因素变化的综合影响下，精河流域景观格局演变趋势、生态因子响应以及对尾间湖泊生态的影响。这对于千旱区水再资瘾合珍开发和生态环境建设·都具有积极意义·研究结果显示·近20年来,主要申于自然条件的改善，即降水增加，水域面积有所扩张·湖泊周围生态有一定程度咖寡一但绿洲内部人类的水土开发的程度和规模仍然在加大，反映为耕地、弃耕地的大幅增加，破碎化程度加剧。所以出现湖泊周围生态环境良性发展、补给河流中下游人工绿洲一定程度的土地退化，这增加了绿洲生态环境的脆弱性。所以，干旱区在缈因素改善的情况下·应进一步规范水土开发行为·加强脆弱生态环境的重建与恢复工作，为流域生态、经济的可持续发展奠定坚实的基础。Because of water and soil exploiture of humankind in arid region, landscape pattern's time and space ordonnance, transform and distribution of water resource changed a lot. Aiby lake, located in west-southern part of Junggar basin of Xinjiang arid region, Ala mountain pass in it west-north direction, is the biggest salty lake of Xinjiang. Because of low hypsography, the lake became the influx center of river and salt.From start of 1950s to the end of 1970s, the lake area varied from sharply shrink to gradually stabilization because of human large-scale immoderate water and soil exploiture. The ecological environment faced serious crisis of Aiby basin, which thread oasis around, and endanger the sustainable economics development of northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. Since end of 1970s to end of 1990s, especially end of 1990s, the lake area Is enlarged because of the increase of rainfall. Surrounding ecological environment renewed at the same time. But people continue enlarging the exploiture scale of water and soil, and oasis land degenerated a lot in middle and lower reaches of Jinghe river.Jinghe river is one of important water-supporting rivers of Aiby lake with length of 114km. The river consist of different landscape patterns, such as mountain, oasis and desert, which are the mainly landscape units of arid region river. In the middle reaches of Jinghe river, distributed oasis ecological systems, which are quad landscapes basing on the matrix of Gobi and desert, with the shape of distributing patches. Under effort of mankind activities, climate condition, the otherness of water resource distributing, soil condition, and many kinds of social factors, landscape pattern of the region has more heterogeneity and evolvement. The paper work on the research of Jinghe river1 basin system under using Landscape Ecology theory, typical time remote sense images, relief maps, soil and vegetation data. And, analysis the evolvement laws (direction and stagger) influencing nature factors of the basin recent 20 years.And through interpretation of satellite maps, GIS space analysis and landscape index statistic, the paper made completely analysis of different landscapes variety for recent 20 years. Then ecological landscape pattern variety was investigated, which made by mankind's water and soil exploiture. Ecological factors responses was also analyzed, which means much to reasonable use of arid soil, estimate of ecological environment and landscape design. |
| 学科主题 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共73页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8216]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周长海 . 艾比湖流域水土开发的生态环境效应研究[D]. 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．环境科学．. 2002. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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