准噶尔荒漠九种典型植物群落特征及其异地重建模式
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 徐刚 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 尹林克，中科院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 准噶尔荒漠 |
| 其他题名 | Characteristics of nine typical plant communities in the Junggar desert and reconstruction mode in ex-situ conditions |
| 学位专业 | 植物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 以梭梭属（Haloxylon L.）和沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）植物为建群种的群落是准噶尔荒漠中具有代表性的自然群落。根据野外实地调查资料分析了准噶尔荒漠六种典型梭梭属植物群落和三种沙拐枣属植物群落的基本群落学特征，据此确定异地重建群落优势种最小可存活种群数量、理论面积、主要物种组成、数量和群落空间格局，旨在为沙漠植物园地带性专类园建设提供科学依据，为群落建园提供模式。结果表明：（1）自然群落特征数量指标中，优势度、生活型、生长型、高度、多度、频度、种群年龄结构、种群水平分布格局是决定重建群落特征的主要参考指标。（2）白梭梭+角果藜群落(Haloxylon persicum + Ceratocarpus arenarius community)、白梭梭+白皮沙拐枣+角果藜群落(Haloxylon persicum + Calligonum leucocladum + Ceratocarpus arenarius community)、梭梭+白梭梭群落(Haloxylon ammodendron + Haloxylon persicum community)、梭梭+膜果麻黄群落(Haloxylon ammodendron + Ephedra przewalskii community)、梭梭+心叶驼绒藜+角果藜群落(Haloxylon ammodendron + Krascheninnikovia Ewersmanniana + Ceratocarpus arenarius community)、梭梭+盐穗木+无叶假木贼群落(Haloxylon ammodendron + Halostachys caspica community)重建面积分别为：847~1695m2、1364~2727m2、725~1449m2、397~794m2、870~1739m2、4364~8727m2。（3）红果沙拐枣+梭梭+大赖草群落(Calligonum rubicundum + Haloxylon ammodendron + Leymus racemosus community)、奇台沙拐枣+梭梭+羽状三芒草群落(C. klementzii + Haloxylon mmodendron+ Aristida pennata community)和泡果沙拐枣+膜果麻黄+盐生草群落(C. junceum + Ephedra przewalskii + Halogeton glomeratus community)重建面积分别是1920~2400m2、2286~2857m2和3291~4114m2。（4）当荒漠自然群落最小面积内建群种数量不能满足异地重建时该种群最小存活物种数时，异地群落重建面积按照公式Ac= 计算。（5）异地重建最小物种存活保存数量梭梭为40~80株，白梭梭为40~80株，奇台沙拐枣、红果沙拐枣和泡果沙拐枣均为96~120株，在群落中占据较大优势多年生草本植物至少满足120~240株。（6）重建群落建群种和优势种按照种群增长型模式配置植物。种群增长型模式即种群中有较多的幼体，而发育成熟的个体很少，种群的出生率大于死亡率。Typical natural communities were composed of Haloxylon L. and Calligonum L. plants, which were dominance species in the Junggar desert, so we invest and analysis the basic characteristics of six Haloxylon L. and three Calligonum L. plant communities. According to these characteristics, we will get the data of the minimum conversation numbers, minimum planting area, main species and numbers, spatial pattern of community for the ex-situ reconstruction communities, which provides reference for specialized garden construction and the model reconstruction communities. The main results are as follows: (1) The characteristics of dominance, life form, growth form, height, abundance, frequency, population age structure, population pattern in natural communities are main reference indexes for the reconstruction communities; (2) The minimum area of reconstruction communities of Haloxylon persicum + Ceratocarpus arenarius, Haloxylon persicum + Calligonum leucocladum + Ceratocarpus arenarius, Haloxylon ammodendron + Haloxylon persicum, Haloxylon ammodendron + Ephedra przewalskii, Haloxylon ammodendron + Krascheninnikovia Ewersmanniana + Ceratocarpus arenarius, Haloxylon ammodendron + Halostachys caspica are 847~1695m2, 1364~2727m2, 725~1449m2, 397~794m2, 870~1739m2, 4364~8727m2 respectively; (3) The minimum area of reconstruction communities of Calligonum rubicundum + Haloxylon ammodendron + Leymus racemosus community, C. klementzii + Haloxylon mmodendron + Aristida pennata community, C. junceum + Ephedra przewalskii + Halogeton glomeratus community are 1920~2400m2, 2286~2857m2 and 3291~4114m2 respectively; (4) When the number of dominant species in the natural community does not reach the minimum conversation numbers of nature community in desert, it will be counted by the formula Ac= for reconstruction communities; (5) The minimum conversation numbers of dominance species Haloxylon ammodendron, H. persicum, Calligonum rubicundum, C. junceum and C. klementzii in reconstruction communities are 40~80, 40~80, 96~120, 96~120, 96~120 respectively, and it is better to have at least 120~240 perennial herbs in reconstruction communities; (6) We had better use the population growth model to allocate the dominance species which means more seedlings, less mature plants, and more natality rate than mortality. |
| 学科主题 | 植物生态学 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共70页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8436]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐刚. 准噶尔荒漠九种典型植物群落特征及其异地重建模式[D]. 北京. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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