策勒绿洲地下水环境空间变异性特征研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 代述勇 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 雷加强，新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 地下水特征 |
| 其他题名 | Study of Spatial Variability of Groundwater Environmental Characteristics in Cele Oasis |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 基于对策勒绿洲的78口井进行定位监测，水样分析，结合近50年的水文气象资料，应用遥感、地理信息系统、地质统计学方法和地下水化学分析方法，分析了策勒河出山径流变化特征；策勒绿洲地下水埋深、矿化度及TDS的空间变异特性，系统地研究了研究区地下水化学特征，阐明了地下水化学类型及其演变规律。研究结果表明：（1）策勒河径流总体变化趋势为：一是径流过程的变化规律呈锯齿状振荡；二是径流年际变化过程有丰枯变化周期，径流量在70年代和80年代初期出现过偏丰，而1964～1968年和1997，1998，2000～2004年期间径流量出现了偏枯；三是径流多年变化相对稳定，但又有减少的趋势。策勒河出山径流冬季至第二年春季初（10月到第二年4月）径流量小，只占全年径流量的11.3%，5月到9月径流量较显著，占全年径流量的88.7%。策勒河多年平均出山径流量1.25×108m3，最大年径流量为1.82×108m3，最小年径流量为0.72×108m3，最大年径流量与最小年径流量的比值为2.53，其 为0.21，策勒河在干旱区河流中属于低值区。（2）地下水埋深、矿化度和pH值均存在着强烈的空间相关性，其空间相关距离分别为9.76km、4.38km、2.66km；各向异性分析表明，在步长为8km范围之内，地下水特征的空间变异是各向同性的，当步长大于8km时，四个方向上的半变异函数发生了不同的变化，在90o方向上基本保持平稳，而在其他三个方向上出现不同程度的波动，当步长大于8km时，在45o和135o两个垂直方向上表现最为明显。（3）策勒绿洲地下水埋深总体趋势是从南到北变浅，东部地势为低凹区域，埋深最浅，最小为1.56m；矿化度分布趋势则是从南到北逐渐增大，水质较好的区域，地下水埋深较深，水质较差的区域，地下水埋深较浅；pH值高值区发生在绿洲东南部和中北部，pH值高的地方矿化度较低，而pH值低的区域矿化度较高。策勒绿洲耕地主要分布于地下水埋深为5～25m，且矿化度小于2.0g/L的区域，林地和草地分布于绿洲边缘区，该区域地下水埋深浅，地下水矿化度较高。（4）绿洲南部区域为地下水TDS的低值区，最小值为551mg/L，由南向北呈增加的趋势，在北部地下水埋深低值区的TDS最大值为7192mg/L；从地下水水流方向NNW-SSE上看，即从绿洲西南的低值区向北，在转向东北区方向，地下水TDS逐渐增加，最大值为3677mg/L。（5）策勒绿洲TDS分布格局为北高南低。在地下水TDS小于1.5g/L的地下水中，阴离子含量以Cl-、SO42-和HCO3-混合型为主，在TDS为1.5～2.5g/L的区域，阴离子主要以SO42-、Cl-为主，在TDS大于2.5g/L的高值区域，阴离子主要以SO42-和Cl-为主；地下水阳离子的含量，在TDS小于1.5g/L的区域均以Na+和Ca2+离子为主，Na+主要分布在TDS大于1.5g/L的地下水中；地下水化学类型变化复杂，主要从Na-Ca-SO4-Cl-HCO3、Na-Ca-SO4-Cl型向Na-SO4-Cl-HCO3和Na-SO4-Cl型演化；在补给区，地下水径流条件较好，含水层中易溶解组分SO42-、Cl- 、Na+、K+等不断被淋滤，并被地下径流带到下游绿洲区，以Na+、Ca2+、SO42-和Cl-离子占优势，形成TDS较小的Na-Ca-SO4-Cl-HCO3、Na-SO4-Cl-HCO3型地下水；从径流到排泄区，最终形成TDS较高的Na-SO4-Cl-HCO3、Na-SO4-Cl类型水。Based on 78 wells in the Cele oasis, monitored 78 wells and distilled water samples, and analysed water quality in Jun 2008. According to the Cele river near 50-year hydrological and meteorological information, the author used RS, GIS and geostatistic methods, analyzed spatial variability of data by the semivariogram and Kriging interpolation, which showed some merit in rational using the groundwater resources and preventing soil secondary salinization to provide a scientific basis. The main results were as follows: （1）The distribution of runoff is uneven in a year. The summer and the autumn have much more runoff, namely, the runoff account for 88.7% from May to September; the winter and the spring have less runoff, which account for 11.3% from October to next April. Variable coefficient of the Cele river was 0.21, and ratio of maximum and minimum value was 2.53. The interannual variation of runoff was relatively stable. （2）Groundwater table depth, salinity and pH had a strong space-related, and their space-related distance were 9.76 km, 4.38 km, 0.89 km. Anisotropic analysis shows that: h was in the range of 8 km, the spatial variability of groundwater characteristics was isotropic. But when h was beyond 8 km, the anisotropy of spatial variability was evidently changing in the direction of 45oand135o. （3）The results of Kriging interpolation indicated Groundwater table depth rised from south to north, the depth of eastern region is shallower and the minimum value is 1.56 m; with the change of groundwater table, it also was changing, and the distribution trend of Salinity was gradually increasing from south to north; high-value areas of pH value occurred in the south-eastern and north-central of Cele oasis, pH value of the local was high where salinity was low, and pH value of the regional was low where mineralization was high. Arable land of oasis mainly distributed in the region which groundwater table was from 5 to 25m, and mineralization was less than 2.0g/L; woodland and grassland mainly distributed in the edge of the oasis, the groundwater depth was higher. When the groundwater depth was less than 10m, groundwater mineralization is higher than 2.0g/L. （4）The result of Kriging interpolation indicated groundwater TDS rised from south to north（from 551 mg/L to 7192 mg/L）; along groundwater flow direction, namely groundwater TDS rised increasingly from southwestern to the northeast oasis. （5）When groundwater TDS was below 1.5g/L, the anion of groundwater was mainly Cl-, SO42-and HCO3-. When groundwater TDS was between 1.5 with 2.5g/L, the anion was SO42-and Cl-. When groundwater TDS was beyond 2.5g/L, the anion was SO42- and Cl-. In the other hand, when groundwater TDS was below 1.5g/L, the cation of groundwater was mainly Na+ and Ca2+. When groundwater TDS was beyond 1.5g/L, the cation was Na+. The type of shallow groundwater chemistry was complex, which transferred mainly from Na-Ca-SO4-Cl-HCO3 and Na-Ca-SO4-Cl to Na-SO4-Cl-HCO3 and Na-SO4-Cl. In the places of recharge area, the runoff condition was better. some ions in the aquifer which were dissolved and bringed to Cele oasis including SO42-, Cl-, Na+ and K+, so Na+,Ca2+,SO42- and Cl- were more, and the type of groundwater chemistry were Na-Ca-SO4-Cl-HCO3 and Na-SO4-Cl-HCO3. With TDS increasing and Ca2+ decreasing, the types of groundwater chemistry were Na-SO4-Cl-HCO3 and Na-SO-Cl in the drain area |
| 学科主题 | 水文地理学及水资源 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共73页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8440]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 代述勇. 策勒绿洲地下水环境空间变异性特征研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。