白冠攀雀（Remiz coronatus）繁殖生态与种群分布的研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 梅宇 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 马鸣，新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 白冠攀雀 |
| 其他题名 | The breeding ecology and population distribution of White-crowned Penduline Tit（Remiz coronatus） |
| 学位专业 | 生态学 |
| 中文摘要 | 白冠攀雀（Remiz coronatus）属于雀形目、攀雀科、攀雀属。又名白顶攀雀，体形纤小，善攀援，繁殖于水域附近的森林与灌丛中。白冠攀雀的繁殖习性和资源状况见于地方性鸟类著作，国内外的研究不够深入。笔者于2008-2009年对其繁殖生态与种群分布进行了研究，结果如下：捕捉并环志白冠攀雀34只（22♂，12♀）。经测量，雌鸟体型略大于雄鸟，体重也明显重于雄鸟。平均体重8.11 g。白冠攀雀婚配制度为混合制。巢呈囊袋状。共发现巢135个，39.3%的巢被利用。营巢始于5月上旬，6月达到高峰，7 月上旬结束。营巢过程可分为6个阶段，整个过程7-8 d即可完成。白冠攀雀有集群营巢倾向。巢间距离最近仅3 m。弃巢的因素比较复杂，主要取决于不同寻常的繁殖系统， 也可能与捕捉和人为干扰有关。主成分分析表明，影响白冠攀雀巢址选择的主要因素有4个，依次为：郁闭度因素、营巢树种因素、方位因素、食物与巢材因素。营巢以柳树为主，占68.9%。营巢于乔木的中下部（约1/3处），约70%的巢离河边不足30 m。窝卵数4-8枚，平均4.8±2.1枚（n=27）。平均卵重0.94±0.07 g。白冠攀雀孵卵期约为15 d，育雏期约为20 d。孵卵、育雏行为特殊，方式多样。包括雄鸟单独照顾、雌鸟单独照顾、双亲共同照顾。阿勒泰地区和伊犁河流域是白冠攀雀的主要繁殖区，迁徙经过奇台、石河子、克拉玛依等地，越冬于莎车、巴楚、喀什等地。克兰河（北屯段）种群密度与巢密度最大，分别为30.6 只/ km2、24.9 个/ km2，布尔根河（河狸保护区）种群密度最小，为8.0 只/ km2，乌伦古河（冬特段 ）巢密度最小，为5.4 个/ km2。White-crowned Penduline Tit Remiz coronatus is a small tit-like bird of Passeriformes, which breeds in marshy habitats in the Palearctic region. Few researches about its ecological and condition distribution. The study on its breeding ecology and population distribution from April to July 2008.The main results are as following: 34 birds（22♂, 12♀）were captured and ringed. Each bird was measured, weighed, phlebotomized, photoed for data collection and behavior observation. The male is smaller and lighter than female’s. The mean body mass of the bird is 8.11g. The breeding system of White-crowned Penduline Tit is ambisexual polygamy. The nest has a pocket pouch size. 135 nests were found, 39.3% nests were used by birds. Nesting was started from early of May, reach a peak in June and finished in early of July. Nesting process can be divided into six stages, the nest was completed about 7-8 d. Nests were densely distributed along the river, which the minimum spacing was less than three meters between nests. It has complex factors of birds deserted the nest, mainly depends on an unusual breeding system. May also be related with capture and human disturbance. The principal component analysis indicates that there are four factors affecting the nest-site selection , 1）the factor of canopy,2）the factor of nest trees species,3）the factor of position or site,4）the factor of food and nest material. 68.9% of nest trees were willows Salix spp. The nest is located in the lower part of arbor （1/3）,about 70% of nests less than 30 m away from river. Clutch size is 4-8 eggs, the mean is 4.8±2.1 （n=27） eggs. The average weight of fresh eggs is 0.94±0.07g. The incubation time is about 15d, and the feeding time is nearly 20 d. It has an unusually variable breeding system of incubation and brood care, with male parental care, female parental care and biparental care. Altay region and Yili River are the main breeding areas of White-crowned Penduline Tit. Migration passed Qitai, Shihezi, Karamay and other places, and the winter in Shache（Yarkant）, Kashi（Kashgar）, Bachu, etc. The population density and nest density is highest in the Kelan River, with 30.6 birds/ km2, 24.9 nests/ km2. The lowest population density is 8.0 birds / km2 in the Buergen R., and the lowest nest density is 5.4 nests / km2 in the Ulungur R.（Dongte）. |
| 学科主题 | 动物学 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共47页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8494]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梅宇. 白冠攀雀（Remiz coronatus）繁殖生态与种群分布的研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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