新疆西天山矿区土壤特征分析与景观功能保护研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李有民 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 周华荣，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 新疆伊宁县金川矿区 |
| 其他题名 | The analysis of soil characteristics and protection research of landscape functions of mining area in Western Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang |
| 学位专业 | 环境科学 |
| 中文摘要 | 矿产资源作为一种稀缺的、不可再生的耗竭性资源，对社会经济的发展具有无可替代的支持作用。新疆地域辽阔，作为我国重要的资源型省区之一，矿产资源储量丰富，后期开发潜力巨大。在资源开发过程中，由于不合理的土地利用方式容易引发地面塌陷、山体崩滑、土壤沙化等地质灾害，带来地表建筑物破坏、水土流失加剧、森林面积减少和草原退化等一系列社会、环境问题。本研究面向新疆西天山矿产资源勘探区，以伊宁县皮里其河流域金川矿业区域矿产资源开发活动作为研究的出发点，进行研究区土壤特征分析与景观功能保护研究，以期对研究区资源开发生态环境保护有积极的指导作用。通过对研究区7个土壤养分指标有机质、全N、全P、全K、有效N、有效P和速效K含量的数理统计分析，发现研究区土壤养分含量总体较高，质地较为肥沃，地表植被种类繁多，草本植被盖度和森林植被郁闭度均较高，丰富的土壤养分为研究区的植被恢复、保育和水土流失防治提供的坚实的物质基础。通过对研究区6个土壤重金属元素镉Cd、铜Cu、铅Pb、铬Cr、锌Zn、镍Ni含量的统计分析，分别依据国家土壤环境质量标准和新疆土壤环境背景值，依次采用单因子指数Pi（Single index）评价方法和内梅罗综合污染指数（Gianni Merlo index）模型进行土壤重金属环境质量现状评价。以国家土壤环境质量标准衡量该矿区土壤重金属环境时，该区域土壤环境未受重金属污染。依据新疆土壤环境背景值评价，采用单因子指数质量评价模型判断矿区土壤金属镉Cd处于轻度污染情况，金属铅Pb、锌Zn分别有13.5%和29.7%处于轻度污染情况，其余土壤金属含量处于安全状态，土壤未受污染。采用内梅罗综合污染指数模型评价时，研究区土壤内梅罗综合指数PN的平均值1.171＜2，由此可以判断研究区土壤总体而言处于轻度污染状态。在此基础上，针对重金属污染隐蔽性强、潜伏期长、不可逆性和长期性等特点，对土壤重金属进行潜在风险评价，得出6个土壤重金属单个污染物生态风险程度皆为轻微，总的潜在生态危害风险程度亦属于轻微。通过对比发现，各元素对潜在生态危害的贡献率大小依次为：Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn，镉Cd是研究区土壤中最主要的潜在生态风险因子，研究区土壤的重金属污染总的潜在生态风险指数RI小于150，总的潜在生态风险程度属于轻微，说明土壤存在潜在生态风险，但程度轻微。基于景观生态学原理，结合3S技术，通过对研究区2005年土地利用景观格局的总体分析，结合现场踏勘，分析可知研究区以草地为景观基质（matrix），林地作为研究区斑块数量和面积最大的景观斑块（patch），分布在中、高山山涧溪流、谷地小河沿线的滩地景观在研究区景观空间中作为廊道（corridor）存在。通过景观指数计算软件Fragstats3.3对研究区土地利用景观斑块多样性分析指标、景观类型多样性分析指标和景观格局多样性分析指标的计算，发现研究区有林地景观破碎度最大，低覆盖度草地的景观破碎度最小、聚集程度较高。斑块结合度指数各景观类型均较高，这与研究区地表较高的植被覆盖度是相一致的。最后通过研究区景观生态功能分区目标、原则和研究区存在的现实环境问题，将研究区划分为经济生产景观功能区和生态环境保护景观功能区，并有针对性的提出区域生态环境保护的意见和建议，这对保护和改善研究区生态环境具有较强的科学意义和现实意义。Abstract Being scare, non-renewable and depleted, mineral resources play a non-substituted supporting role in development of social economy. And with a vast territory, Xinjiang is an important resource-based province in China, has abundant reserves of mineral resources and great potential for further development. While during resources exploitation, unreasonable land use results in geo hazards as ground collapse, slope slide and soil desertification, and social and environmental problems as building damage, soil erosion increase, forest area decrease and steppe degeneration. Therefore, aiming to positively direct local resources exploitation and eco-environment protection, this paper bases on the mineral resources exploitation at Jinchuan mining region in Piliqi River Basin of Yining County-a mining area of west Tianshan Mountain of Xinjiang, and analyzes the soil characteristics and studies the functional protection of the landscape. Statistical analysis on soil nutrients, including organic matters, total N, P, K, available N, P, K, shows that in the study area soil nutrient content is generally high, the soil is relative fertile and standing vegetation is of rich species, and coverage of herbage and forest is respectively high. The rich soil nutrients provide solid material foundation for local vegetation regeneration and soil erosion prevention. According to National Soil Environmental Quality Standard and background of soil environment in Xinjiang, status of soil environment quality is estimated by Single index Pi and Gianni Merlo index PN based on the analysis of heavy metals （Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn and Ni） in soil. The soil is not polluted by heavy metals according to National Soil Environmental Quality Standard. While according to background of soil environment in Xinjiang, Cd is at a level of slight pollution, Pb and Zn pollution degree is respectively 13.5% and 29.7%, and other metals are under safe level. The average of PN=1.171<2 indicates the generally slight pollution level of soil in the study area. Then for the strong concealment, long-term delitescence, non-reversibility and duration of heavy-metal pollution, potential risk is estimated and the results show that pollution risk of the six heavy metals respectively as well as the whole risk is gentle. The contribution rate is Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn in turn, and Cd is the most important eco-risk factor. The totally gentle degree of potential eco-risk （RI<150） suggests the existing but gentle eco-risk. According to landscape ecology and with 3S technology, analysis on landscape patterns of land use of the study area in 2005 and field exploration find steppe as matrix, wood land as the biggest patch and bottomland in valleys as corridor in the landscape. Diversity analysis of landscape patch, landscape types and landscape patterns by software Fragstats3.3 shows the biggest fragmentation of woodland and the least fragmentation but high congregation of low-cover steppe. All landscape types have high patch combination, which agrees with the high vegetation coverage. Finally, according to aim and principle of eco-functional zoning of landscape and local existing environment problems, the study area is zoned into economic production region and eco-environment protection region. And suggestions of pertinence are proposed for regional eco-environment, which is of strongly scientific and realistic significance to ptotect and improve eco-environment of the study area. |
| 学科主题 | 景观生态学 ; 农学 ; 地质 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共84页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8512]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李有民. 新疆西天山矿区土壤特征分析与景观功能保护研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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