四种药用植物的化学成分
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 华燕 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2004 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 |
| 导师 | 周俊 |
| 关键词 | 化学成分 富宁藤 西南远志 虎杖 辣蓼 |
| 其他题名 | Chemical Constituents of Four Medicinal Plants |
| 学位专业 | 植物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本论文对四种植物的化学成分进行了研究，包括夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）植物—富宁藤（Parepigynum funingense Tsiang et P.T.Li），远志科（Polygalaceae）植物—西南远志（Polygala crotalarioides Buch．Ham．），蓼科（Polygonaceae）植物—虎杖（Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb．et Zucc．）和辣蓼（Polygonum hydropiper L．）。应用硅胶、反向材料（RP-18）、葡聚糖凝胶（Sephadex LH-20）、大孔树脂、半制备、制备HPLc等多种分离材料和分离技术，结合现代波谱分析、化学方法，从上述四种植物中分离鉴定了102个化合物，其中新化合物56个。化合物结构类型涉及强心苷、三萜皂苷、倍半萜、甾体、黄酮、(口山)酮、糖酯等。从富宁藤植物中分离得到了一系列E-环为五元饱和内酯环的强心苷类化合物。二氢强心苷在夹竹桃科中共曾分离得到6个，在一个植物中分离到如此多的二氢强心苷尚属首次。对其中一类二氢强心苷C（20）差向异构体进行了分离。朱华结研究员用量子化学方法计算了其中一个异构体的内能面（PES）及一对异构体的相关C的化学位移差值。证明了此类异构体为构型异构体，讨论了糖基数量对异构体分离的影响。最后对夹竹桃科的强心试成分进行了综述。第一章富宁藤的化学成分富宁藤（Parepigynum funingense Tsiang et P．T．Li）为夹竹桃科特有的单种属植物，仅分布于我国云贵两省。初步的活性筛选结果表明：该植物的粗提物具有抗PAF活性。为寻找其活性成分，对采自云南省麻栗坡金厂的富宁藤植物进行了化学成分研究，利用多种分离材料及分离技术，从中共分离鉴定了44个化合物，其中新化合物39个（包括36个强心苷及其苷元，3个倍半萜）。E-环为五元饱和内酯环的氢化强心苷为该种植物中主要成分，为富宁藤的单种属的分类学地位提供了一定的化学依据。其中一类型的氢化强心苷为C（20）差向异构体，用量子化学方法计算了其中一个异构体的内能面（PEs）及一对异构体的相关C的化学位移差值，证明了这些化合物为构型异构体而非构象异构体。优化了这些化合物的结构，讨论了糖基数量对异构体分离的影响。第二章西南远志的化学成分西南远志（Polygala crotalarioides Buch．Ham．）是云南伉族有名的强壮药，又称为“丫磨娘”、“良母娘”。作为一种民间中草药，又可用于顺气化痰，安神补心，活血止痛。经中科院药物研究所冷颖等研究员活性筛选结果表明：该植物的粗提物确有壮阳作用。为从该植物中寻找活性单体成分，我们对采自云南临沧的西南远志植物进行了化学成分研究，从其根部的乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了41个化合物，结构类型涉及(口山)酮及其普、三萜皂苷、甾醇、糖酯等。其中新化合物17个 （包括8个(口山)酮，1个(口山)酮着，8个三萜皂苷）。第三章虎杖的化学成分虎杖（Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb．et Zucc．）系蓼科蓼属植物，根可供药用，有活血、散癖、通经、镇咳等功效。民间用于烫伤，有收敛、止血的功效。虎杖植物的化学成分研究已较为深入，迄今已从中分离到的化学成分主要有：葱酮类、二苯乙烯类、蔡酮类、黄酮等。为了进一步了解其化学成分及生理活性，我们对滇产虎杖再次进行了研究。从虎杖乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了8个化合物，包括其中5个为葱酿类化合物，1个为蔡酮类化合物，2个为二苯乙烯类化合物。另外，通过光学异构化，得到了两个顺式二苯乙烯类化合物。第四章辣蓼的化学成分辣蓼（polygonum hydropier L），又名水蓼，在我国南部地区都有分布，全草入药，消肿解毒、利尿、止痢。其叶片具有辛辣味，据报道辣蓼可用来治疗癌症，幼时可食，在日本作为生鱼片的佐料。临床报道可治疗细菌性、肠炎和子宫出血，且具消炎、杀虫、驱虫等功效。其化学成分研究已有一些报道，为了进一步找到其活性成分，我们对辣蓼挥发油的化学成分进行GC／MS分析，从其挥发油中共指认了26个化合物；对辣蓼的甲醇提取物进行了化学成分研究，从中分离鉴定了7个化合物。第五章综述本章对夹竹桃科的强心苷类化合物的结构、生物活性、来源和参考文献进行了综述。 |
| 英文摘要 | This dissertation elaborated the studies on the chemical constituents of four plants, Parepigynum funingense Tsiang et P.T.Li (Apocynaceae), Polygala crotalarioides Buch.Ham. (Polygalaceae), Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. and Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae). From above four plants, totally 102 compounds were isolateds and identified by the various chrornatographies over silica gel column, reverse phase column (RP-18), Sephadex LH-20, semi-pre and pre HPLC. Among them, 56 compounds were elucidated to be new ones, including 36 cardiac glucosides, 3 sesquiterpenes, 9 xanthones, 8 triterpenoid glucosides. A series of novel cardiac glucosides and their aglycones which had unusual cardiac aglycone without the common olefinic bond in ring-E were obtained. Three pairs of conformational isomers were isolated by semi-pre HPLC. HF/6-31G(d) was used to optimize the 3-D structures of these compounds. The potential energy surface (PES) of one compound and C NMR chemical shifts of one pair of isomers were obtained by quantum computation method to identify these symbiosis isomers. Chapter 1 Chemical Constituents of Parepigynum funingense Parepigynum funingense (Apocynaceae), a member of a monotypic genus, is distributed widely in Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. 75% Ethanol extract showed anti-PAF activities. Due to the absence of any preview chemical studies on this species, we studied the chemical constituents of P. funingense collected from Jinchang, Malipo County, Yunnan Province. As a result, 44 compounds were isolated, in which 39 compounds were new including 36 cardiac glucosides, 3 sesquiterpenes. Three pairs of comformatinal isomers were isolated. HF/6-31G(d) was used to optimize the 3-D structures of these compounds. The potential energy surface (PES) of one compound and 13C NMR chemical shifts of one pair of isomers were obtained by Polygala crotalarioides is known to be a folk tonic medicine in Yunnan Wa nationality. The primary studies also showed that this plant possessed tonic activities. Up to now, the chemical constituents of this species have not been reported. Its bioactivities attracted us to investigate its chemical constituents. From the alcohol extract, 41 compounds were isolated, in which 17 compounds were new, including 8 triterpenoid glucosides, 8 xanthones and one xanthone glycoside. 1. 1,3, 6-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone (1) (new) 2. 1,6, 8-trihydroxy-2, 3-methylenedioxy-7-methoxyxanthone (2) (new) 3.1, 6-dihydroxy-2, 3-methylenedioxy-7, 8-dimethoxyxanthone (3) (new) 4. 1, 6, 8-trihydroxy-2, 3-methylenedioxyxanthone (4) (new)5.1,4-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyxanthone (5) (new) 6. 1,2,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dirnethoxyxanthone (6) (new) 1,3, 6-trihydroxy-2, 7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (7) (new) 8. 1,2, 7,8-tetramethoxy-2,6-dihydroxyxanthone (8) (new) 9. 1,5- dimcthoxy-2, 6-dihydroxyxanthone (9) 10. 1, 2, 8-trimethoxy-3,7-dihydroxyxanthone (10) I. 1,3, 8-trihydroxy-2, 6-dimethoxyxanthone (11) 12. 1, 2, 3-trimethoxy-6, 8-dihydroxyxanthone (12) 13. 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-2, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (13) 14. 1,2, 7-trimethoxy-3-hydroxyxanthone (14) 15. 1,7-dihydroxy-2, 3-dimethoxyxanthone (15) 16. 1,2, 3-trimethoxy-7- ydroxyxanthone (16) 17. 1,2, 3,7-tetramethoxyxanthone (17) 18. 1,3, 6, 8-tetramethoxy-2, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (18) 19.1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone 4-β-D-apiofuranosyl (l→6)-β-D-glucopyra- Chapter 3 Chemical Constituents oiPolygonum cuspidatum Polygonum cuspidatum is a herb which is popularly used for the treatment of suppurative dermatitis, gonorrhoea, favus, athlete's foot and hyperlipemia in Chinese traditional medicine. There were some literatures about the chemical constitutes of this plant. Our further investigation on its phytochemistry research led to the isolation of 8 compounds. Two cis-stilbenes were obtained through photochemical isomerization. These compounds were identified as follow: Chapter 2 Chemical Constituents otPolygala crotalarioides 1. physcion (1) 2. emodin(2) 3. fallacinol (3) 4. questin (4) 5. emodin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) 6. PC-1 (6) 7. resveratrol (7) 8. piceid (8) 9. cis- resveratrol 1 (9) 10. cis-piceid (10) Chapter 4 Chemical Constituents oiPolygonum hydropiper The folk medicinal plant, Polygonum hydropiper L., contains intense pungent substances in leaf and,seed and is used against cancer. The young shoot can be eaten and used as a spice with raw fish in Japan. Some chemical studies have been conducted before. In order to further find out the active compounds, we analysed the essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. by GC/MS. As a result, 26 compounds were identified in the oil. Further studies on the methanol extracts from this plant led to the isolation of 7 compounds . These compunds were isolated and identified as follow: 1.scutellarein (1) 2. scutellarein 7-0-β-D- lucopyranoside (2) 3. quercetin (3) 4. quercetin 3-O-β-D-grucopyranoside (4) 5. quercetin 3-O-cc-L-rhamnopyranoside (5) 6. aα-D-Glucopyranosyl-(l→l)-a-D-glucopyranoside (6) 7. B-sitosterol(7) Chapter 5 Review Cardiac glycosides from Apocynaceae were reviewed. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-10-25 |
| 页码 | 125 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/704]  |
| 专题 | 昆明植物研究所_昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 华燕. 四种药用植物的化学成分[D]. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 2004. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：昆明植物研究所
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