中国科学院机构知识库网格
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid
大麻的民族植物学及其毒性成分研究

文献类型:学位论文

作者张桂琳
学位类别硕士
答辩日期1990
授予单位中国科学院昆明植物研究所
授予地点中国科学院昆明植物研究所
导师裴盛基
中文摘要本文应用民族植物学的方法对我国栽培利用大麻的历史及大麻与中国传统文化之间的关系等进行了研究,结果表明,中国是世界上栽培和利用大麻最早的国家,距今约有8700年的历史,大麻是我国古代重要的纤维,粮食、油料和药用植物。在长期栽培和利用大麻的过程中,大麻也对我国的传统文化产生了重要的作用,如麻绳是我国劳动人民最原始的记事工具;纸的发明也与大麻有着重要关系;麻布衣服常被做为“礼”和“孝”的象征,民间自古就有“披麻戴孝”的习俗;在汉语词汇中,很多单字和词组都与麻的特性有关,大麻的致幻作用还与古代“巫医”的形成有关。云南是一个多民族的省份,各个民族都有栽培和利用大麻的传统习俗和方法,特别是在贫困山区的少数民族中,大麻至今仍是主要的经济植物,在文化与生物中起着重要的作用。大麻的致幻作用在神农时代就为我国劳动人民所熟知,然而,大麻在我国并没有成为传统使用的毒品,其主要原因不仅是由于大麻的致幻特性与其它毒品不同,而且还与我国人民的传统信仰和文化观念有关。随着文化的变迁,大麻被用作毒品在我国有着潜在的危险性。本文还应用植物化学的方法,采用气相色谱和色谱-质谱联用技术,对产于云南省内大麻的毒性成分进行了分析,结果表明,滇产大麻在化学组成上是一个混杂的类群,毒性物质四氢大麻醇(THC)的含量差别较大,如有的品系THC的含量大于1.0%,有些品系THC的含量则小于0.1%。在此基础上,本文还对云南的大麻进行了分类学研究,认为云南省栽培的大麻,与印度做为毒品的大麻其分类位置是一致的,即:Cannabis sativa spp. indica va. indica;同时,发现一个新的变种,即云南大麻:Cannabis sativa ssp. indica var. yunnanica G.L. Zhang。最后还探讨了大麻在我国成为毒品蔓延的可能性及应采取的对策。
英文摘要According to the ethnobotanical study, I find, China is the earliest country to cultivate and use the hemp (Canabis satva L.) in the world, and it is about more than 8,700 years for Chinese people to use it. Anciently, this plant was a very important fibre, grain, oil and medical plant. Through its long history of being used, Cannabis sativa have made very important effects on Chinese traditional culture. For example, the earliest counting tool was hemp rope; the invention of paper is related to fibre of Cannabis sativa, in the old China, Cannabis clothing stranded for rites; and some Chinese words also originated in medical properties of this plant. Although Cannabis sativa is a very important crops, it had never been used for drug by most of Chinese people. It is because of the Chinese traditional culture and belief. Today, some chinese traditional culture and belief have been changed, therefor, it has the possibility of using the Cannabis drug by chinese. Yunnan is a multinational province, the ethnic people have their own viewpionts and methods of using Cannabis sativa. I have also used the phytochemical method to study the hallucinogenic compounds of Cannabis cultivated in Yunnan. The results shows that: Yunnan growth Cannabis has the high hallucinogenic properties, the uper leaves of mature plants have more than 0.3% (dry weight) △~9-THC, and it has considerable intoxicant potential. Above all, we have also studyed the taxonomy of yunnan-growth Cannabis and have reached the different results from Small and Cronquist. In the end of my paper, I have put forward some proposes to solve the Cannabis drug problem.
语种中文
公开日期2011-10-25
页码46
源URL[http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/928]  
专题昆明植物研究所_昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
张桂琳. 大麻的民族植物学及其毒性成分研究[D]. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 1990.

入库方式: OAI收割

来源:昆明植物研究所

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