巴音布鲁克不同类型高寒草甸有机碳储量及其与环境因子的关系
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 范永刚 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 导师 | 胡玉昆，新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 巴音布鲁克 高寒草甸 |
| 其他题名 | Study on Organic Carbon Storage and the Relation with Environment Factors in Bayanbulak |
| 中文摘要 | 草地生态系统碳循环和碳蓄积研究是全球变化科学中的一个重要组成部分，而高寒草甸生态系统作为草地生态系统中碳密度最大的草地，在碳平衡中起着重要的作用。准确估算单个草地生态系统碳库的大小和时空格局，了解各控制因子对有机碳蓄积量的影响机制以及对全球变化的反馈机制，对陆地碳循环及其对全球变化的响应研究具有重要意义。巴音布鲁克草原是我国第二大草原，具有独特的地形地貌特征和气流气候条件，探究巴音布鲁克高寒草甸生态系统碳储量格局及其与环境因子相关关系，既有助于揭示有机碳在高山独特地理单元内的分布状况，又可为全面评价巴音布鲁克高山草地碳源／碳汇功能以及天山巴音布鲁克高山草地植被、土壤碳库及其空间分布研究提供可靠的数据支持。本文以新疆天山中段巴音布鲁克主要草地类型之一的高寒草甸为研究对象，分析了不同群落类型高寒草甸植被碳库和土壤有机碳库的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。通过分析研究，得到以下初步结论: （1）巴音布鲁克高寒草甸生态系统植物碳总量约为15.03 Tg。其中地上部分约0.98 Tg，地下部分根系约为14.05 Tg。不同群落类型高寒草甸生物量密度和生物量碳库之间差异较大。地上生物量密度由大到小依次为沼泽化草甸（156.11gC/m2）、灌丛草甸（122.31gC/m2）、嵩草草甸（92.81gC/m2）。地下生物量密度由大到小依次为沼泽化草甸（5453.80g C/m2）、嵩草草甸（1150.13g C/m2）、灌丛草甸（1015.64g C/m2）。生物量碳库的大小依次为：嵩草草甸（12.06 Tg）、沼泽草甸（2.72 Tg）、灌丛草甸（0.25 Tg）。（2）巴音布鲁克高寒草甸草原地下生物量随深度增加根系含量逐渐减少，表现为总的T字形趋势分布，并且地下生物量主要分布在O～lOcm深的土层中，95％～98％根系分布在0～50 cm内。不同群落类型高寒草甸根系的分布深度不同。（3）不同群落类型高寒草甸的地下生物量和地上生物量密切相关，相关性均呈显著正相关。地下／地上生物量的比值越大，地上生物量就越高。地上生物量的变化不大，而地下生物量变化显著；地上生物量与生长季节温度和土壤含水率、土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、速效氮均显著正相关(P<0.05)，与降雨量及其它的土壤因子相关性不显著（P>0.05）。 (4)地下生物量的主要影响因子为土壤理化性质，其与年均温和年降水量没有表现出明显的相关关系（P>0.05），而与有机碳、全N、速N(有效态氮)、速磷(有效态磷)含量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与土壤容重，土壤含水量呈显著相关关系（P<0.05）。（5）巴音布鲁克高寒草甸生态系统土壤有机碳库为232.22 Tg（1m深度）。占新疆草地土壤有机碳库（2.45Pg）的9.46%，占全国土壤有机碳库（70.31 Pg）的0.32%。不同草甸类型的有机碳含量由大到小依次为沼泽草甸（38.34 kg/m2）、嵩草草甸（23.19 kg/m2）、灌丛草甸(15.8 kg/m2)。不同草甸类型的有机碳库由大到小依次为嵩草草甸（209.16 Tg）、沼泽草甸（18.56 Tg）、灌丛草甸（3.50 Tg）。（6）土壤有机碳含量分布明显深于根系的分布深度。不同草甸类型的土壤有机碳含量均随深度的增加呈现下降趋势，表现为总的T字形趋势分布。在三种草甸类型中嵩草草甸的土壤有机碳分布最浅而沼泽草甸的分布最深，其0～20cm土壤有机碳含量分别占整个剖面的58%和34%。灌丛草甸的土壤有机碳在表层土壤的富集程度介于沼泽草甸和嵩草草甸，其0～20cm土壤有机碳含量占整个剖面含量的49%。 (7)影响土壤表层（0-30cm）有机碳含量的主要因子为年平均温度、植被生产力、地下生物量、土壤紧实度；影响深层土壤（30-100cm）有机碳含量的主要环境因子为地下生物量、土壤含水量、土壤容重。关键词：巴音布鲁克、高寒草甸、碳储量、植被、土壤、影响因子The research on grassland carbon cycle and sequestration is an important part in the science of global change, and as the biggest carbon density in grassland ecosystem, it plays a leading role in carbon budget. To further study on terrestrial carbon cycle and its response to global change, we need to estimate the exact carbon storage in single grassland ecosystem, find out the rule on its temporal and spatial distribution, and to get known the mechanisms influence factors affecting carbon sequestration, and the feedback of the later. Bayanbulak alpine as the second bigger grassland in our country, it is topography, physiognomy，air current and climate; Meanwhile. To analyze carbons storage, spatial distribution, and their correlation with controlling factors, can not only help to open out the carbon distributing patterns in an unusual geographical unit, but also offer important reference for research on the response and feedback of carbon stock and carbon distribution on Bayanbulak alpine grassland. This study analyzed vegetation and soil carbon content and factors affecting carbon distribution in difference community types of Alpine meadow along the middle range of Tianshan mountain in Bayanbulak. In this paper the main results are brought forth as follows: (1)The biomass carbon of Alpine meadow in Bayanbulak was 15.03 Tg. Aboveground biomass carbon was 0.98Tg, underground biomass was 14.05Tg. Different community types of Alpine meadow had different biomass density and biomass carbon. The order of aboveground biomass density is Swamp meadow(156.11 g C/m2)、Shrub meadow（122.31 g C/m2）、Bellardatus kobresia meadow（92.81g C/m2）. Underground biomass density according to the following order：Swamp meadow(5453.8 g C/m2)、Bellardatus kobresia meadow（1150.13g C/m2）、Shrub meadow（1015.64g C/m2）. Biomass carbon according to the following order : Bellardatus kobresia meadow(12.06 Tg)、Swamp meadow(2.716 Tg)、Shrub meadow(0.252 Tg). (2)The underground biomass content of Alpine meadow in Bayanbulak is drop off as increase of depth . In addition to, the underground biomass was mostly distributed in the 0～10cm soil depth in the three plant communities with a T shape distribution feature. (3)For each community，the above and belowground biomass was significantly correlated. The ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass increased with the aboveground biomass. The belowground biomass varied greatly, while the aboveground biomass did not fluctuate apparently. Aboveground bimass of three community alpine meadow was significantly correlated to the growth temperature 、soil water content、SOC、total nitrogen、available nitrogen(P<0.05), but was not related to precipitation and else soil elements（P>0.05）． (4) The mostly factor of underground biomass was soil physics and chemistry character. Underground biomass was not related to temperature and precipitation（P>0.05）, but highly significantly related to soil organic carbon、total nitrogen、available nitrogen、available phosphor(P<0.01), significantly related to soil bulk density、soil water content（P<0.05）. (5) The soil organic carbon of Alpine meadow in Bayanbulak was 232.22 Tg(1m), about 9.46% of the total soil organic carbon in Xinjiang(2.45 Pg), about 0.32% of the total soil organic carbon in China(70.31 Pg). The order of soil organic carbon density is Swamp meadow(38.34 kg/m2)、Bellardatus kobresia meadow（23.19 kg/m2）、Shrub meadow(15.8 kg/m2). The order of soil organic carbon pool is Bellardatus kobresia meadow（209.16Tg）、Swamp meadow(18.56 Tg)、Shrub meadow(3.5 Tg). (6) The distributed of soil organic carbon is deeper then underground biomass. The soil organic carbon of Alpine meadow in Bayanbulak is drop off as increase of depth and mostly distributed in the 0～10cm depth in the three plant communities with a T shape distribution feature. The soil organic carbon distribution of Bellardatus kobresia meadow is most simple in three types meadow, the soil organic carbon of 0～20cm was about 58% of whole section. The soil organic carbon of 0～20cm was about 34% of whole section in Swamp meadow.The soil organic carbon of 0～20cm was about 49% of whole section in Shrub meadow. (7) The dominating factors of impact the soil organic carbon content of surface soil(0～30cm) are the annual average temperature, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, soil compaction; Underground biomass, soil moisture, soil bulk density are dominating factors of impact depth（30～100cm）soil organic carbon content. Key words: Bayanbulak；Alpine meadow；carbon content；soil；vegetation ；effect factor; |
| 学科主题 | 草业科学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共61页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8024]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 范永刚. 巴音布鲁克不同类型高寒草甸有机碳储量及其与环境因子的关系[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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