中国额尔齐斯河流域湿地景观时空动态分析
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 杨涵 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 导师 | 周华荣，新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 额尔齐斯河流域 湿地 3S 景观生态学 景观格局 分形理论 生态脆弱性评价 层次分析法Irtysh river valley Wetlands 3S techniques Landscape ecology landscape pattern fractal theory Ecological Fragility Assessment Analytic Hierarchy Process |
| 其他题名 | Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamic Changes of Wetland Landscape in Irtysh River Valley of China |
| 中文摘要 | 湿地是自然界最富生物多样性和生态功能最高的生态景观，同时湿地生态系统也是世界上受威胁最为严重的生态系统之一，在自然因素和人类活动的影响下，湿地大面积转化或丧失，湿地生态环境不断恶化。干旱区内陆湿地是我国重要的湿地类型之一，与其他湿地分布区域相比，干旱区内湿地的景观生态研究较少且力度不够。额尔齐斯河是我国唯一流入北冰洋的国际性河流，是新疆第三大河流。额尔齐斯河流域湿地资源在阿勒泰地区的经济发展以及维护生态平衡和稳定环境功能中有巨大作用。多年来，在自然和人类活动的影响下，特别是土地开垦、引水、农耕、放牧等人类经济活动对额尔齐斯河流域的生态系统造成了巨大的破坏，使得近年来区域内湿地景观发生了较大的变化，湿地生态系统的健康受到严重的威胁。随着该区域湿地景观结构、生态功能和土地利用的变化，当地社会、经济和环境的可持续发展也受到了影响。本论文应用遥感和地理信息系统等技术手段，获取1989年、1999年和2005年三个时期的额尔齐斯河流域内湿地的空间数据及其动态变化数据。运用景观结构分析软件FRAGSTATS 3.3和Arcview3.3的Patch Analyst模块提取景观指数。从景观生态学的角度，通过分形模型，计算1989年、1999年和2005年三个时期各湿地利用类型的分形维数和稳定性指数，定量分析其湿地景观空间格局变化，以其为依据探讨各湿地利用类型的复杂性和稳定性；结合景观动态度模型，计算景观动态度，并进行了湿地景观类型转换分析及河流廊道效应研究，初步探讨了额尔齐斯河流域空间格局变化的原因；建立了湿地生态脆弱性的评价指标体系并利用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重，运用综合指数法计算湿地生态脆弱度，定性研究与定量研究相结合，评价额尔齐斯河流域湿地生态脆弱状况。Wetlands are ecological landscapes with abundant biodiversity and play important ecological functions. Wetland ecosystems have been proved to be one of ecosystems which are seriously endangered and degraded， and most wetlands have been transformed or lost because of both natural and anthropogenic impacts. The arid area wetland is one of our country important wetland types， compares with the other wetland distributed region， the wetland landscape ecology research in the arid area is few， and research is insufficiently . In our country， Irtysh river valley is the only international river which flows to the Arctic and the third river in Xinjiang. The Wetlands of Irtysh river perform an important function in developing Altai regional economy， maintaining regional ecological balance and stabilizing environment function. Over the years， under the nature and human activity's influence， specially such as land reclamation， diversion， farming， grazing， etc. destroyed ecological system of Irtysh river valley. For the past few years， that made the wetland landscape biggish changes， the health of wetland ecosystem is suffering from serious threats．With the changing of the structure of the wetland landscape， the wetland ecology function and land utilization， sustainable development of the local society， economy and environment also were influenced. In this paper， with the application of the techniques of remote sensing and geography information systems， we have obtained the data of the temporal and spatial dynamic change of wetland landscape of Irtysh river valley in1989， 1999 and 2005. And extracted landscape indexes by apply landscape structural analysis software FRAGSTATS 3.3 and Patch Analyst module Arcview3.3.From the perspective of landscape ecology point of view and based on fractal theory， in order to improve the understanding about the land use change in Irtysh river valley，we use the fractal model to calculate fractal indices of different landscape patterns，depended on spatial analysis function of GIS，Fractal dimensions and Stability indexes SK of spatial structure of different land types of each landscape type in different periods are calculated. The change in analyzed quantify，basing on which to discuss the complexity and stability of land use type， while deduce the reason of space pattern change in Irtysh river valley by combining use dynamic change indexes of all the land use types in Irtysh river valley. Researched the typical conversion of wetlands landscape and the effect of River corridor， analyzed the reasons of Landscape pattern changed in Irtysh river valley， established the system of evaluating indicator of Wetlands ecological frangibility and using AHP definitely index weight. By means of composite index， calculated Wetlands ecological Fragility. Intermeshed qualitative research and quantitative research， evaluated the frail situation of Wetlands ecological in Irtysh river valley. |
| 学科主题 | 景观生态学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共71页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8052]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 杨涵. 中国额尔齐斯河流域湿地景观时空动态分析[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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