绿洲盐化潮土条件下棉花水肥盐生产函数
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张奋东 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2005 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．土壤学． |
| 导师 | 宋郁东，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 棉花 |
| 其他题名 | Water manure salt production function of the cotton under the salt tide soil condition in the oasis |
| 中文摘要 | 基于新疆实际，针对当地的主要经济作物棉花，本文采用大田定位观测试验和测坑微区试验，以产量为主要的研究对象，建立了棉花的水分、盐分、、养分以及水盐生产函数模型，由此确定出了不同因子组合研究下的临界指标或转换阂值，经一年的试验研究，将主要试验研究结果简述如下：1，棉花对水分敏感时期为：花铃期最为明显，其次为苗蕾期，最后是吐絮期。2．棉花对盐分敏感的时期：苗蕾期最为明显，其次为花铃期，最后为吐絮期。3，本试验条件下，棉花对水分和盐分均反应很敏感的土层是0-60cm土层。4．在本试验条件下，一棉花产量以及水分利用效率与灌水量的关系较耗水量明显。当全生育期灌水量为390mm时，棉花皮棉产量达到最大即2080kg／hm2，而此时灌溉水分利用效率为5.33kg／（hm2mm）；当全生育期灌水量为333咖时，灌溉水分利用效率到最大为3.61kg／（hm2mm），此时相应地棉花皮棉产量为1948玩g／h扩。5．针对0-60cm土层，棉花适宜土壤水分下限和上限为：苗蕾期142啊和230mm；花铃期为170朋和25llnln；吐絮期为14llllln和223恤。6．针对0-60cm土层棉花适宜土壤含盐量下上限为：苗蕾期0.683％和1.809％；花铃期为0.467％和1.892％；吐絮期为0.529％和1.900％；总体来看，棉花的耐盐临界值是在0.58％～0.63％之间；而棉花耐盐极限值在2.42％-3.82％之间。7．以0-60cm土层含盐量作为参照，由试验结果可知夕本研究区域的盐渍土轻重程度划分为：0.6％以下为非盐渍土，产量水平近100％；0.6％-0.9％为轻度盐渍土，产量水平在85％以上；0.9％-1.2％为中度盐渍土，产量水平在50％-85％之间；1.2％-1.4％为重度盐渍土，产量水平在30％～85％之间；1.4％～2.4％为盐荒土，产量水平在30％以下甚至为绝产；2.4％以上则为盐土，颗粒无。8．使得棉花产量为最高的水氮磷钾的最优组合则为灌水量255m3j667m2，施氮肥量为45k667扩，施磷肥量为21k667扩和施钾肥量为拼ks／667m2。而此时氮磷钾肥的最佳施用配比为：9．在本试验条件下，结果表明使得棉花水分利用效率为为最高的水氮磷钾的最佳组合与使得棉花地上部分吸氮量最大的水氮磷钾的最佳组合其闭值接近相．即灌水量258m3／667m2，施氮肥量45k667m2，施磷肥量19kg/667m2和施钾肥量在12k留667m2时，此时的氮、磷、钾肥的最佳施用配比N:P2O5：K2O=1:0.4：0.3。Because of the reality of Xinjiang, to the local main industrial crops cotton, this literary grace makes a reservation and observes and tests and examines the little district in the hole to test with the land for growing field crops, regard output as the main research object, has set up moisture , salt, nutrient and water salt production function model of the cotton, therefore determine different factors and make up and study the critical index under or change threshold value, through the experimental study of one year, sketch the main experimental result of study as follows: 1. The cotton is to the sensitive period of moisture. The colored bell one is the most obvious, secondly it is the shoot flower bud one, the end is the one of opening of bolls. 2. The period of the cotton sensitive to the salt: The shoot flower bud one is the most obvious, secondly it is the colored bell one. It is the one of opening of bolls finally. 3. Under this experimental condition, very sensitive soil layer is 0-60cm soil layer that the cotton reacts to moisture and salt 4. Under this experimental condition, the relation between output of the cotton and utilization efficiency of the moisture and quantity of pouring water relatively consumes the water amount obviously. The pouring water amount is 390mm to act as the whole breeding time. At the time, cotton ginned cotton output reach most heavy namely 2080kg/hm2, irrigate moisture utilization efficiency 5.33 kg/(hm2*mm) at this moment; The pouring water amount is 333mm to act as the whole breeding time, irrigate moisture utilization efficiency it gets to be 3.61 kg/(hm2*mm), the output of ginned cotton of the cotton is 1948kg/hm2 accordingly at this moment. 5. To 0-60cm soil layer, the cotton is suitable for soil moisture lower limit and upper limit r.Shoot flower bud one is 142 and 230mm; The colored bell one is 170mm and 251mm; The one of opening of bolls is 141mm and 223mm. 6. Whether suitable for to CMJOcm soil layer cotton soil upper limit is under the salt content Shoot.flower bud one is 0.683% and 1.809%; The colored bell one is 0.467% and 1.892%; The one of opening of bolls is 0.529% and 1.900%; All in all, to able to bear salt critical value in 0.58%~0.63%; And the cotton is able to bear the extreme of salt in 2.42%~3.82%. 7. Regard 0-60cm soil layer salt content as and consult, can know by the result of the test, the degree of weight of salinized soil of this research area is divided into: Under 0.6% salinized soil, output is nearly 100% of competence; 0.6%-0.9% is the slight salinized soil, the output level is above 85%; 0-9%-1.22%, One degree of salinized soils of is, the output level is among 50%-85%; 1.2%-1.4% is the in weight degree of salinized soils, the output level is among 30%~85%; L4%-2.4% is the desolate soil of salt, the output level, even in order to produce definitely under 30%; More than 2.4% is the solonchak, the particle has not been accepted. 8. Make cotton output potassium optimum to make up for 255m3/667m2 of pouring water etc. for most high water nitrogen phosphorus, the amount of nitrogen constructed is 45kg/667m2, the amount of phosphorus constructed is 14kg/667m2 for 21kg/667m2 and amount of potassium constructed. Whether and nitrogen phosphorus potassium best to use matching at this moment. N:P205:K201:0.5:0.3. 9. Under this experimental condition, indicate result it make cotton moisture utilization efficiency for getting higher most water nitrogen making up and making cotton part amount of nitrogen sucked getting heavier most water nitrogen group not best, phosphorus of potassium not upper not best, phosphorus of potassium It is close to the same pouring water amount 258m3/667m2 promptly to shut its threshold value, 45kg/667m2 of amount of nitrogen constructed, 19kg/667m2 of amount of phosphorus constructed and amount of potassium constructed are in 12kg/667m2, whether nitrogen phosphorus at this moment potassium best to use matching. N^Os^CM :0.4:0.3. |
| 学科主题 | 作物栽培学与耕作学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共106页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8162]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张奋东 . 绿洲盐化潮土条件下棉花水肥盐生产函数[D]. 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．土壤学．. 2005. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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