荒漠绿洲景观格局的进空变化与荒漠化的关系——以三工河流域为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王玉朝 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2001 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．环境科学． |
| 导师 | 赵成义，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 关键词 | 绿洲 |
| 中文摘要 | 绿洲是干旱荒漠地区人类赖以生存的地方。由于人类对绿洲土地资源的滥用，绿洲景观格局发生了巨大的变化，绿洲荒漠化已成为一种普遍现象。本文以三工河流域为例，运用景观生态学的原理和方法，着重讨论了干旱区绿洲景观格局的形成、景观格局的进空变化以及这种变化与荒漠化的关系。在分析了荒漠绿洲景观格局以及绿洲内荒漠化的成因和现状后，初步得出如下结论：①荒漠绿洲景观格局的形成和演变受自然条件和人类活动的控制；②荒漠绿洲景观有景观斑块较大、结构粗粒化、绿洲的异质镶嵌性、水源依赖性、类型简单而隐域化和景观演变迅速及区域性等的生态特点；③三工河流域绿洲景观格局是在天然绿洲的基础上开发形成的，人类活动影响强烈的景观要素中，其斑块多样性、破碎度、分离度和斑块密度等指数的值较高，而人类活动影响较小且作用较轻的景观要素上，其优势度和均匀度较高；④荒漠绿洲各景观要素的稳定性不同，一般民政部是自然要素的稳定性高于人工斑块，其稳定性排序是荒漠>砾石地、沙地>城镇工矿用地>水体>灌溉水田>牧草地>菜地>林地>农村居民点>盐碱地>荒草地>水浇地>果园；⑤荒漠绿洲景观格局的时空变化与荒漠化存在反馈关系。正反馈往往导致系统不稳定，而负反馈则有利于系统的自适应和自组织，维持系统的稳定、⑥荒漠绿洲景观格局的进空变化如河流廊道的变化、植被退化、水资源利用格局的变化、化学污染、人口生态压力等均可引起荒漠化的发展。综合来看，三工河流域的荒漠化问题主要是土壤次生盐渍化，局部区域的沙漠化问题次之。Oasis is a patch which has a higher productive force of plants comparatively based on desert. human being can live on it and be engaged in all social economy activities because it can get rich water resources from mountain area. Now, a great change has taken place in oasis' landscape pattern for people by using land resource indiscriminately. Taking Sangong River Basin as a typical research area and, we study the form and the evolution of oasis' landscape pattern on time and space, the desertification and their mutual coupling relationship in arid land by using of the theory and method in landscape ecology. After analyzed the contributing factors and current situation about oasis' landscape pattern and desertification respectively, six conclusions were put forward as follows: ①The form and evolution of oasis' landscape pattern was controlled by natural environmental process and human activities; ②There are some ecological characteristics of oasis' landscape pattern, such as heterogeneity, water dependence and coarse-grained structure etc; ③The oasis' landscape pattern in the research area was developed by human activities based on natural oasis, each path has some different landscape indexes; ④The arrange in stability of each type of patch is: desert>sandy land>urban>pond>paddy field>grass land>vegetable plot>woodland>residential area>saline-alkali land>wasteland>farming land>orchard, apparently, the stability of natural patch is higher than those which disturbed by mankind or manmade patch; ⑤There is feedback relationship between the change of oasis' landscape pattern and desertification. The positive feedback relationship lead to unstable state usually, but negative feedback relationship of landscape can help improve the self-form and self-adapt function of ecological system, thus keeping the ecological system on a stable state; ⑥The change of landscape pattern can lead to desertification frequently. Viewing the desertification situation as a whole, it was shown that soil secondary salinization of farmland is the first ecology environmental problem in the Sangong River Basin, and partial desertification is second. |
| 学科主题 | 自然地理学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-12 |
| 页码 | 共75页 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8280]  |
| 专题 | 新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据) |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王玉朝 . 荒漠绿洲景观格局的进空变化与荒漠化的关系——以三工河流域为例[D]. 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．环境科学．. 2001. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：新疆生态与地理研究所
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