小麦抗麦茎蜂机制与遗传的初步研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王海庆 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 1998 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 |
| 导师 | 黄相国 |
| 关键词 | 麦茎蜂 抗性机制 遗传 产量 |
| 学位专业 | 植物遗传育种 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文对小麦抗麦茎蜂的机制、遗传和抗麦茎蜂性状与产量性状间的关系进行了初步研究，得出如下结果：1. 本试验中抗麦茎蜂小麦为空心茎秆。断茎率与小麦植株成熟时的株高、各节间长度、外径、干重呈正相关，与分蘖数、茎秆各节间实心率负相关。抗虫小麦在麦茎蜂产卵期茎壁较厚，不利于麦茎蜂产卵；麦茎蜂幼虫取食期间茎壁厚度又下降至低于感虫品种，使幼中心营养物质摄入量不足而使其生长发育受到影响。同时抗虫小麦茎秆各部位养分较早向其它部位运出，也可能对幼虫营养摄入造成影响。对小麦抗麦茎蜂机制的研究应从植侏生长发育的动态过程进行综合考虑。2. 用不完全双列杂交试验对小麦抗麦茎蜂性状的遗传进行了分析。本试验群体中以一般配合力方差为主。小麦对麦茎蜂的抗性由加性和非加性效应控制，但主要由加性效应决定。所有亲本中，抗麦茎蜂小麦的一般配合力最低，抗麦茎蜂育种中以断茎率最低为目标，因此在抗麦茎蜂育种中应以抗麦茎蜂能力较强的材料为亲本。小麦抗麦茎蜂性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力较高，说明可在较早世代对其实现有效的选择。3. 小麦抗麦茎蜂能力和籽粒产量性状表现为负相相关。与产量构成性状的关系除与千粒重为正相关外，其余也为负相关。抗虫与感虫小麦相比，同样的栽培条件下，二者收获指数相近，但抗中心小麦生物量较低，是造成抗麦茎蜂小麦籽粒产量较感虫小麦低的原因。小麦抗麦茎蜂能力与小区籽粒产量的相关遗传力较低，同时抗虫能力与产量构成性状间的相关遗传力未超过70%，可见，在育种中可以打破这种不利的关系，选育出高产抗麦茎蜂小麦品种来，也可以通过适当的栽培措施提高现有抗麦茎蜂小麦品种的产量。回归分析结果也表明，可选育出产量水平接近甚至正超过当前推广品种的抗麦茎蜂小麦品种来。 |
| 英文摘要 | This thesis attempts to report the mechanism, inheritance of resistance to wheat stem sawfly (WSS) and the relationship between WSS resistance and yield in wheat. 1. The wheat resistant to WSS was characterized by hollow stem while the solidness ratio of the resistance cultivars were higher than that of the susceptible. Cut rate of culm caused by WSS had significantly positive correlationship with plant height, length of internode, diameter of culm, dry weight of internode respectively and negative correlationship with number of tiller, solidness ratio of culm when plant matured. The dynamic growth indicated that the wheat resistant to WSS had a thicker culm wall than the susceptible did during the period of femal WSS laying eggs. But the culm wall became thinner while the larvae began to feed. In this case, Lavae were out of favour with sufficient nutriment, and the growth and development was probably inhibited. Additionally, it was not better for larvae getting nutriment because the substance exported earlier in the resitant than in the susceptible. The mechanism of resistance to WSS should be regarded as a result caused by synthetic factors during the period of plant growth and development. 2. The combining ability of resistance to WSS of 15 hybrids produced by 3x5 incomplete diallel cross was analysed, using cut rate of culm caused by WSS as a criterion for resistance to WSS. The resistance to WSS was mainly dominated by addictive effect in spite of the significant unaddictive effect. Parents resistant to WSS had such a lower GCA than than the susceptible did that the germplasm resistant to WSS should be used in cross to minimize the cut rate. The narrow and broad inheritablity of resistance to WSS were high. Hence, the trait can be selected effectively in earlier genernation. 3. The resistance to WSS and the properties of yield was negatively related, except to kernel weight. It resulted less productive than desired that the harvest index (HI) of the resistant cultivars was nearly equal to the susceptible but the biomass of the resistance was lower than that of the susceptible. The heritablity of correlation between the resistance to WSS and grain yield was low, and those between the resistance and yield components are less than 70%. Therefore, a high grain yielded with resistance to WSS can be accessed by breeding or cultivation. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-12-20 |
| 页码 | 42 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.nwipb.ac.cn/handle/363003/3376]  |
| 专题 | 西北高原生物研究所_中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王海庆. 小麦抗麦茎蜂机制与遗传的初步研究[D]. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所. 1998. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：西北高原生物研究所
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