江汉平原上的四湖地区是富饶的鱼米之乡，粮棉油和水产生产基地。20世纪八、九十年代以来，四湖地区的洪水渍涝屡屡成灾，灾情越来越严重，造成了巨大的经济损失，已成为制约四湖地区经济可持续发展的重要因素。

    文章以四湖地区涝渍灾害较严重的洪湖地区为例，将涝渍区域划分为洲滩平地季节性洪涝地域、淤高平地季节性暗渍地域、中间平地季节性渍害地域、低湿平地渍害地域、滨湖平地涝渍地域、湖泊水面调蓄地域等6种类型，并确定其涝渍程度等级。

    灾害的后果是由致灾环境的危险性和承灾体的脆弱性两个因素共同决定的，而脆弱性研究对灾害理论以及减灾政策的确定有着极为重要的意义。灾害脆弱性等级评价是研究的基础和关键，模糊综合评判方法、人工神经网络、灰色系统理论、信息量模型方法等四种数学评价模型常用于灾害评估中。

    本文以洪湖地区为例，在深入研究洪湖地区涝渍成灾影响因素的基础上，结合经济统计数据进行了系统分析，选取区域涝渍程度、粮食产量、居住规模、水田密度、湖泊池塘密度、森林变化率、人均收入等7项指标，采用模糊层次分析法确定了各评价指标因子的权重值，建立数学模型综合评估洪湖地区涝渍灾害的脆弱性。评估结果表明，洪湖地区涝渍灾害脆弱性总体水平较高，整体承灾能力不强；涝渍灾害脆弱性较高的地区主要分布在研究区域中部、洪湖东北向区域的大部分区域、长江沿岸的乡镇以及洪湖周边的乡镇，而洪湖地区的西北部及东部区域的涝渍灾害脆弱性较小；并且具有明显的空间分异规律。

    在对四湖地区涝渍灾害脆弱性研究的基础上，针对日益严重的涝渍灾害，本文最后提出四湖地区加强退田还湖、发展生态避洪农业、加强分蓄洪区建设等一系列防涝减灾的对策和措施。

Four-lake area is one of the important agricultural areas with plenty of grain, cotton and other farm and aquatic production in Jianghan Plain. However, since 1980＇s, the frequency of waterlogged disasters and the economic loss caused by flood has increased continuously, which has severely blocked the development of economy and regional planning. 

    Taking Honghu Region, one of the most serious waterlogged disaster area in Four-lake area, as an example, this paper analyzed the factors of waterlogged disaster in Honghu Region, and classified the land type in waterlogged region of Honghu Region into 6 kinds, such as seasonal flood and waterlogged region of islet in a river, seasonal subsurface waterlogged region of high flat land by alluvium, seasonal subsurface waterlogged region of middle flat land, subsurface waterlogged region of low flat land, waterlogged region of flat land close to lakes, lake regions for retaining water, and weighed to each level of waterlogged region.

    The effect of hazard is decided by the risk of hazard environment and vulnerability of hazard bearing body. The research of vulnerability of hazard is important significance to hazard theory and to decision-making of disaster reduction. The way of evaluating the vulnerability of hazard is the basis and key of the research. As the good reference models, Comprehensive Judging Method, Artificial Neural Network Method, Grey Systems Theory, and Information Content Model, etc, were applied in the process of disaster evaluation.

    Taking Honghu Region as an example, based on analyzing the conditions which induced the waterlogged disaster, 7 major factors, such as waterlogged disaster level, yield of grain, the scale of residential, density of paddy, forest coverage and salary, are selected to evaluate the vulnerability of waterlogged disaster in Honghu Region. This paper used the method of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to determine the weight of above factors, constructed the vulnerability of waterlogged disaster system and mathematical model according to the economic static data and exercised an overall assessment. The conclusion show that the vulnerability of Honghu Region is high——the higher areas are mainly distributed in the center of the study area、the majority of regions in the northeast and the surroundings of Honghu Lake and towns along the Yangtze River, while the vulnerability of the north-western and eastern region of the study area is relatively small——which distributes differently in every country and the ability of resisting disaster is relatively weak.

    Therefore, some land use policies and measures, such as conversing agricultural polders to lake, developing anti-flood agriculture, reconstructing flood-diversion and flood-storage areas, etc, are proposed for mitigating waterlogged disasters.