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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Akiyama, Kazunori142,143,144,145; Alberdi, Antxon141; Alef, Walter140; Asada, Keiichi139; Azulay, Rebecca137,138,140; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin140; Ball, David135,136; Balokovic, Mislav134,142; Barrett, John144; Bintley, Dan133
刊名ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
出版日期2019-04-10
卷号875期号:1页码:17
ISSN号2041-8205
关键词accretion, accretion disks black hole physics galaxies: active galaxies: individual (M87) galaxies: jets gravitation
DOI10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7
英文摘要When surrounded by a transparent emission region, black holes are expected to reveal a dark shadow caused by gravitational light bending and photon capture at the event horizon. To image and study this phenomenon, we have assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a global very long baseline interferometry array observing at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. This allows us to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. We have resolved the central compact radio source as an asymmetric bright emission ring with a diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as, which is circular and encompasses a central depression in brightness with a flux ratio greater than or similar to 10: 1. The emission ring is recovered using different calibration and imaging schemes, with its diameter and width remaining stable over four different observations carried out in different days. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. The asymmetry in brightness in the ring can be explained in terms of relativistic beaming of the emission from a plasma rotating close to the speed of light around a black hole. We compare our images to an extensive library of ray-traced general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of black holes and derive a central mass of M = (6.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(9) M-circle dot. Our radio-wave observations thus provide powerful evidence for the presence of supermassive black holes in centers of galaxies and as the central engines of active galactic nuclei. They also present a new tool to explore gravity in its most extreme limit and on a mass scale that was so far not accessible.
资助项目Academy of Finland[274477] ; Academy of Finland[284495] ; Academy of Finland[312496] ; European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action[731016] ; Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University through the John Templeton Foundation[60477] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[PIA ACT172033] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[Fondecyt 1171506] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[BASAL AFB-170002] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[ALMA-conicyt 31140007] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[104497] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[275201] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[279006] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[281692] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417] ; European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant Black-HoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes[610058] ; Generalitat Valenciana[APOSTD/2018/177] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-3561] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-5278] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF 947] ; Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; JSPS ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008] ; Leverhulme Trust ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K13594] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K03656] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18H03721] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18K03709] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18H01245] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[25120007] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2112-M-001-025-MY3] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2112-M-001-011] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2119-M-001-027] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-017] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-020] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-110-005] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant)[80NSSC17K0649] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400702] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0352953] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0521233] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0705062] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0905844] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0922984] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1126433] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1140030] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[DGE-1144085] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207704] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207730] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207752] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[MRI-1228509] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11573051] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11633006] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11650110427] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[10625314] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11721303] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11725312] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873028] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873073] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[U1531245] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11473010] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2015-R1D1A1A01056807] ; National Research Foundation of Korea (Global PhD Fellowship)[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752] ; National Research Foundation of Korea (Korea Research Fellowship Program)[NRF-2015H1D3A1066561] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade ; Russian Science Foundation[17-12-01029] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2016-80889-P] ; State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award[SEV-2017-0709] ; National Nuclear Security Administration of the USDOE[89233218CNA000001] ; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA[CUP C52I13000140001] ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme[730562 RadioNet] ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; NSF[ACI-1548562] ; NSF[DBI-0735191] ; NSF[DBI-1265383] ; NSF[DBI-1743442] ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFA0402700] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) ; MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) ; IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain) ; State of Arizona ; NSF Physics Frontier Center award[PHY-0114422] ; Kavli Foundation ; GBMF[GBMF-947] ; National Science Foundation[PLR-1248097] ; NSF Physics Frontier Center grant[PHY-1125897] ; [TM6-17006X] ; [OPP-1248097] ; [AST-1310896] ; [AST-1312651] ; [AST-1337663] ; [AST-1440254] ; [AST-1555365] ; [AST-1715061] ; [AST-1615796] ; [AST-1614868] ; [AST-1716327] ; [OISE-1743747] ; [AST-1816420]
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
出版者IOP PUBLISHING LTD
WOS记录号WOS:000464210800001
源URL[http://119.78.226.72/handle/331011/30859]  
专题中国科学院上海天文台
通讯作者Akiyama, Kazunori
作者单位1.Univ Americas Puebla, Sta Catarina Martir S-N, Cholula 72810, Mexico
2.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Radio Astron Lab, 601 Campbell, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
3.CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA
4.Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
5.Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
6.Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
7.MERLAB, 357 S Candler St, Decatur, GA 30030 USA
8.Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
9.Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
10.Syst & Technol Res, 600 West Cummings Pk, Woburn, MA 01801 USA
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Akiyama, Kazunori,Alberdi, Antxon,Alef, Walter,et al. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,2019,875(1):17.
APA Akiyama, Kazunori.,Alberdi, Antxon.,Alef, Walter.,Asada, Keiichi.,Azulay, Rebecca.,...&Ziurys, Lucy.(2019).First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,875(1),17.
MLA Akiyama, Kazunori,et al."First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 875.1(2019):17.

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