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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Akiyama, Kazunori107,108,109,110; Alberdi, Antxon106; Alef, Walter105; Asada, Keiichi104; Azulay, Rebecca102,103,105; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin105; Ball, David100,101; Balokovic, Mislav99,107; Barrett, John109; Bintley, Dan98
刊名ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
出版日期2019-04-10
卷号875期号:1页码:31
ISSN号2041-8205
关键词accretion, accretion disks black hole physics galaxies: individual (M87) galaxies: jets magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) techniques: high angular resolution
DOI10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43
英文摘要The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has mapped the central compact radio source of the elliptical galaxy M87 at 1.3 mm with unprecedented angular resolution. Here we consider the physical implications of the asymmetric ring seen in the 2017 EHT data. To this end, we construct a large library of models based on general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and synthetic images produced by general relativistic ray tracing. We compare the observed visibilities with this library and confirm that the asymmetric ring is consistent with earlier predictions of strong gravitational lensing of synchrotron emission from a hot plasma orbiting near the black hole event horizon. The ring radius and ring asymmetry depend on black hole mass and spin, respectively, and both are therefore expected to be stable when observed in future EHT campaigns. Overall, the observed image is consistent with expectations for the shadow of a spinning Kerr black hole as predicted by general relativity. If the black hole spin and M87's large scale jet are aligned, then the black hole spin vector is pointed away from Earth. Models in our library of non-spinning black holes are inconsistent with the observations as they do not produce sufficiently powerful jets. At the same time, in those models that produce a sufficiently powerful jet, the latter is powered by extraction of black hole spin energy through mechanisms akin to the Blandford-Znajek process. We briefly consider alternatives to a black hole for the central compact object. Analysis of existing EHT polarization data and data taken simultaneously at other wavelengths will soon enable new tests of the GRMHD models, as will future EHT campaigns at 230 and 345 GHz.
资助项目Academy of Finland[274477] ; Academy of Finland[284495] ; Academy of Finland[312496] ; European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action[731016] ; Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University through John Templeton Foundation[60477] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[PIA ACT172033] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[Fondecyt 1171506] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[BASAL AFB-170002] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[ALMA-conicyt 31140007] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologica (CONACYT, Mexico)[104497] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologica (CONACYT, Mexico)[275201] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologica (CONACYT, Mexico)[279006] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologica (CONACYT, Mexico)[281692] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417] ; European Research Council Synergy Grant BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes[610058] ; Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant[APOSTD/2018/177] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-947] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-3561] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-5278] ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008] ; Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K13594] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K03656] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18H03721] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18K03709] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18H01245] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[25120007] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2112-M-001-025-MY3] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2112-M-001-011] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2119-M-001-027] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-0 01-017] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-020] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-110-005] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)[80NSSC17K0649] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400702] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0352953] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0521233] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0705062] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0905844] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0922984] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1126433] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1140030] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[DGE-1144085] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207704] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207730] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1207752] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[MRI-1228509] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[OPP-1248097] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11573051] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11633006] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11650110427] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[10625314] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11721303] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11725312] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873028] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873073] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[U1531245] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11473010] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2015-R1D1A1A01056807] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1D3A1066561] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade ; Russian Science Foundation[17-12-01029] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2016-80889-P] ; US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory[89233218CNA000001] ; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA[CUP C52I13000140001] ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; Sprows Family VURF Fellowship ; NSERC Discovery Grant ; NINS program of Promoting Research by Networking among Institutions[01421701] ; NSF[ACI-1548562] ; NSF[DBI-0735191] ; NSF[DBI-1265383] ; NSF[DBI-1743442] ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFA0402700] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) ; MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) ; IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain) ; State of Arizona ; NSF ; NSF Physics Frontier Center award[PHY-0114422] ; Kavli Foundation ; GBMF[GBMF-947] ; National Science Foundation[PLR-1248097] ; NSF Physics Frontier Center grant[PHY-1125897] ; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of South Africa ; CyVerse ; [Chandra TM6-17006X] ; [DD7-18089X] ; [AST-1310896] ; [AST-1312651] ; [AST-1337663] ; [AST-1440254] ; [AST-1555365] ; [AST-1715061] ; [AST-1615796] ; [AST-1716327] ; [OISE-1743747] ; [AST-1816420] ; [AST-1614868]
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
出版者IOP PUBLISHING LTD
WOS记录号WOS:000464210800005
源URL[http://119.78.226.72/handle/331011/30940]  
专题中国科学院上海天文台
通讯作者Akiyama, Kazunori
作者单位1.Syst & Technol Res, 600 West Cummings Pk, Woburn, MA 01801 USA
2.Washington Univ, Dept Phys, CB 1105,One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
3.Univ Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
4.European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Sci Support Off, Directorate Sci, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands
5.ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands
6.Canadian Inst Adv Res, Grav & Extreme Universe Program, 661 Univ Ave,Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
7.McGill Univ, McGill Space Inst, 3550 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada
8.McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada
9.Univ Massachusetts, 100 William T,Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA
10.Univ Cologne, Phys Inst, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Akiyama, Kazunori,Alberdi, Antxon,Alef, Walter,et al. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,2019,875(1):31.
APA Akiyama, Kazunori.,Alberdi, Antxon.,Alef, Walter.,Asada, Keiichi.,Azulay, Rebecca.,...&Zhang, Shuo.(2019).First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,875(1),31.
MLA Akiyama, Kazunori,et al."First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 875.1(2019):31.

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