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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole

文献类型：期刊论文

作者Akiyama, Kazunori3,4,5,6; Alberdi, Antxon7; Alef, Walter8; Asada, Keiichi9; Azulay, Rebecca8,10,11; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin8; Ball, David12,13; Balokovic, Mislav6,14; Barrett, John4; Bintley, Dan15
刊名ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
出版日期2019-04-10
卷号875期号:1页码:52
ISSN号2041-8205
关键词black hole physics galaxies: individual (M87) galaxies: jets techniques: high angular resolution techniques: image processing techniques: interferometric
DOI10.3847/2041-8213/ab0e85
英文摘要We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of similar to 40 mu as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the "shadow" of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others' work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared human bias and to assess common features among independent reconstructions. In the second stage, we reconstructed synthetic data from a large survey of imaging parameters and then compared the results with the corresponding ground truth images. This stage allowed us to select parameters objectively to use when reconstructing images of M87. Across all tests in both stages, the ring diameter and asymmetry remained stable, insensitive to the choice of imaging technique. We describe the EHT imaging procedures, the primary image features in M87, and the dependence of these features on imaging assumptions.
资助项目Academy of Finland[274477] ; Academy of Finland[284495] ; Academy of Finland[312496] ; European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action[731016] ; Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University through John Templeton Foundation[60477] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[PIA ACT172033] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[Fondecyt 1171506] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[BASAL AFB-170002] ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile)[ALMA-conicyt 31140007] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[104497] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[275201] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[279006] ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico)[281692] ; Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM)[IN112417] ; European Research Council Synergy Grant BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes[610058] ; Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant[APOSTD/2018/177] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF 947] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-3561] ; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation[GBMF-5278] ; Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)[JP17J08829] ; JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057] ; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008] ; Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18KK0090] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K13594] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18K03656] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[JP18H03721] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18K03709] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[18H01245] ; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI[25120007] ; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[105-2112-M-001-025-MY3] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2112-M-001-011] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[106-2119-M-001-027] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-017] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-001-020] ; Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan[107-2119-M-110-005] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)[80NSSC17K0649] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400704] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0400702] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0096454] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0352953] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0521233] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0705062] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0905844] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-0922984] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1126433] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[AST-1140030] ; National Science Foundation (NSF)[DGE-1144085] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11573051] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11633006] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11650110427] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[10625314] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11721303] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11725312] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873028] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11873073] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[U1531245] ; Natural Science Foundation of China[11473010] ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) ; National Research Foundation of Korea[2015-R1D1A1A01056807] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1A2A1033752] ; National Research Foundation of Korea[NRF-2015H1D3A1066561] ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award[639.043.513] ; Spinoza Prize[SPI 78-409] ; Swedish Research Council[2017-00648] ; Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade ; Russian Science Foundation[17-12-01029] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2015-63939-C2-1-P] ; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad[AYA2016-80889-P] ; US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory[89233218CNA000001] ; Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA[CUP C52I13000140001] ; ALMA North America Development Fund ; NSF[DBI-0735191] ; NSF[DBI-1265383] ; NSF[DBI-1743442] ; NSF[ACI-1548562] ; Smithsonian Institution ; Academia Sinica ; National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFA0402700] ; Science and Technologies Facility Council (UK) ; CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) ; MPG (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany) ; State of Arizona ; NSF Physics Frontier Center award[PHY-0114422] ; Kavli Foundation ; National Science Foundation[PLR-1248097] ; NSF Physics Frontier Center[PHY-1125897] ; KREONET (Korea Research Environment Open NETwork) ; Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) ; South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO), which is a facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF), an agency of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of South Africa ; State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award[SEV-2017-0709] ; Compute Ontario ; Calcul Quebec ; Compute Canada ; IGN (Instituto Geografico Nacional, Spain) ; NSF ; GBMF[GBMF-947] ; CyVerse ; [Chandra TM6-17006X] ; [MM07B] ; [AST-1207704] ; [AST-1207730] ; [AST-1207752] ; [MRI-1228509] ; [OPP-1248097] ; [AST-1310896] ; [AST-1312651] ; [AST-1337663] ; [AST-1440254] ; [AST-1555365] ; [AST-1715061] ; [AST-1614868] ; [AST-1615796] ; [AST-1716327] ; [OISE-1743747] ; [AST-1816420]
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种英语
出版者IOP PUBLISHING LTD
WOS记录号WOS:000464210800004
源URL[http://119.78.226.72/handle/331011/32885]  
专题中国科学院上海天文台
通讯作者Akiyama, Kazunori
作者单位1.Univ Sci & Technol, Gajeong Ro 217, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
2.Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
3.Natl Radio Astron Observ, 520 Edgemont Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
4.MIT, Haystack Observ, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886 USA
5.Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
6.Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
7.CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain
8.Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
9.Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, 11F Astron Math Bldg,AS NTU 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
10.Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714		 Akiyama, Kazunori,Alberdi, Antxon,Alef, Walter,et al. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,2019,875(1):52.
APA Akiyama, Kazunori.,Alberdi, Antxon.,Alef, Walter.,Asada, Keiichi.,Azulay, Rebecca.,...&Yamaguchi, Paul.(2019).First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS,875(1),52.
MLA Akiyama, Kazunori,et al."First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 875.1(2019):52.

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