Packaging and Delivery of Chemical Weapons: A Defensive Trojan Horse Stratagem in Chromodorid Nudibranchs
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Carbone, Marianna3; Gavagnin, Margherita3; Haber, Markus4; Guo, Yue-Wei5 ; Fontana, Angelo3; Manzo, Emiliano3; Genta-Jouve, Gregory6; Tsoukatou, Maria1; Rudman, William B.7; Cimino, Guido3
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| 刊名 | PLOS ONE
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| 出版日期 | 2013-04-19 |
| 卷号 | 8期号:4 |
| ISSN号 | 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0062075 |
| 文献子类 | Article |
| 英文摘要 | Background: Storage of secondary metabolites with a putative defensive role occurs in the so-called mantle dermal formations (MDFs) that are located in the more exposed parts of the body of most and very likely all members of an entire family of marine mollusks, the chromodorid nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Given that these structures usually lack a duct system, the mechanism for exudation of their contents remains unclear, as does their adaptive significance. One possible explanation could be that they are adapted so as to be preferentially attacked by predators. The nudibranchs might offer packages containing highly repugnant chemicals along with parts of their bodies to the predators, as a defensive variant of the strategic theme of the Trojan horse. Methodology and Principal Findings: We detected, by quantitative H-1-NMR, extremely high local concentrations of secondary metabolites in the MDFs of six species belonging to five chromodorid genera. The compounds were purified by chromatographic methods and subsequently evaluated for their feeding deterrent properties, obtaining dose-response curves. We found that only distasteful compounds are accumulated in the reservoirs at concentrations that far exceed the values corresponding to maximum deterrent activity in the feeding assays. Other basic evidence, both field and experimental, has been acquired to elucidate the kind of damage that the predators can produce on both the nudibranchs' mantles and the MDFs. Significance: As a result of a long evolutionary process that has progressively led to the accumulation of defensive chemical weapons in localized anatomical structures, the extant chromodorid nudibranchs remain in place when molested, retracting respiratory and chemosensory organs, but offering readily accessible parts of their body to predators. When these parts are masticated or wounded by predators, breakage of the MDFs results in the release of distasteful compounds at extremely high concentration in a way that maximizes their repugnant impact. |
| WOS关键词 | DERMAL FORMATIONS MDFS ; INDO-WEST PACIFIC ; GLOSSODORIS-ATROMARGINATA ; DORID NUDIBRANCHS ; OPISTHOBRANCHIA ; MOLLUSCA ; ECOLOGY ; METABOLITES ; DITERPENES ; GASTROPODA |
| 资助项目 | CNR-CAS[00000000] ; PRIN[00000000] ; CNR[00000000] ; Chinese National Marine "863" project[2013AA092902] ; Natural Science Fundation of China[21021063] ; Natural Science Fundation of China[81273430] ; Natural Science Fundation of China[21072204] |
| WOS研究方向 | Science & Technology - Other Topics |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000317909500084 |
| 出版者 | PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE |
| 源URL | [http://119.78.100.183/handle/2S10ELR8/277651]  |
| 专题 | 天然药物化学研究室 中科院受体结构与功能重点实验室 新药研究国家重点实验室 |
| 通讯作者 | Mollo, Ernesto |
| 作者单位 | 1.Univ Athens, Dept Pharmacognosy, Athens, Greece; 2.Calif Acad Sci, Dept Invertebrate Zool, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA 3.CNR, Ist Chim Biomol, Pozzuoli, Italy; 4.Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Mat Med, State Key Lab Drug Res, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China; 6.Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inst Chim Nice, Nice, France; 7.Australian Museum, Malacol Dept, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Carbone, Marianna,Gavagnin, Margherita,Haber, Markus,et al. Packaging and Delivery of Chemical Weapons: A Defensive Trojan Horse Stratagem in Chromodorid Nudibranchs[J]. PLOS ONE,2013,8(4). |
| APA | Carbone, Marianna.,Gavagnin, Margherita.,Haber, Markus.,Guo, Yue-Wei.,Fontana, Angelo.,...&Mollo, Ernesto.(2013).Packaging and Delivery of Chemical Weapons: A Defensive Trojan Horse Stratagem in Chromodorid Nudibranchs.PLOS ONE,8(4). |
| MLA | Carbone, Marianna,et al."Packaging and Delivery of Chemical Weapons: A Defensive Trojan Horse Stratagem in Chromodorid Nudibranchs".PLOS ONE 8.4(2013). |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：上海药物研究所
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