With the increasing demand for preventing and controlling of new/sudden diseases, major infectious diseases and malignant tumors, vaccines that based on traditional experience await updated. In terms of the unique physio-chemical advantages, polymeric micro/nano particles have become the research hotspots in the field of biomedical delivery. However, the rational integration of the micro/nano particles into vaccine delivery system is a huge challenge. On the basis of our research on the preparation and application of polymer micro/nano particles, an advanced strategy that co-assembles the particle " chassis" and subunit vaccines into one engineered vaccine is proposed. During the 20-year systematic study, new functions of polymeric particles are developed, and important mechanisms for the enhanced cellular/mucosal immunity are clarified. Apart from the chassis with conventional physiochemical property, other chassises with lysosomal escape merit, unique properties (deformability or mobility), or " Immunoticket" advantage have been exploited. The present paper not only summarizes our work but also involves international research progress, which sheds light upon the engineered vaccine chassises for their on-demand design concept, relative mechanism and development.