油页岩是一种非传统能源，作为一种补充能源逐渐受到人们的关注。针对油页岩资源，我国采用的主要利用方式是通过热解以获得页岩油，目前采用的抚顺炉热解技术具有原料适应性广的特点，但其油收率仅为铝甑含油率的65%，产生的半焦热值较低且含有对环境有害的多环芳烃和酚类物质，这些不利因素成为油页岩热解技术开发利用的阻碍。因此，开发了一种固体热载体循环流化床半焦燃烧耦合下行床热解技术的综合利用工艺，该工艺以半焦燃烧后产生高温灰为热载体，实现了油、水蒸气联产。基于该工艺的技术特点，本论文深入研究油页岩半焦的燃烧特性，利用实验室小试装置和10t/d中试平台进行油页岩热解-燃烧实验以获得基础数据，并进行流程模拟，完成了300t/h油页岩综合利用工艺流程及循环流化床燃烧炉主体设备的设计，并进行了经济性分析。主要研究内容及结果如下：首先，利用综合热分析仪考察了油页岩及其不同热解温度条件下制得的半焦和四种煤样的燃烧特性，发现原料的着火温度与其挥发分含量及种类有关，几种原料的着火温度由高到低顺序为：阳泉无烟煤>神木烟煤>600oC半焦>果园烟煤和>550oC半焦>500oC半焦>450oC半焦>霍林河褐煤>油页岩。采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法分析了不同样品的热重燃烧表观活化能，发现随燃烧进行，煤样的热重表观活化能降低，而油页岩及其半焦的热重表观活化能升高，这主要归因于油页岩及其半焦中灰分含量高。利用沉降炉考察了油页岩及其热解半焦的燃烧特性，结果发现燃烧温度升高将导致油页岩及其半焦燃烧过程中NO和SO2排放增加，N2O排放降低；当温度达到1000oC时，N2O排放浓度为0。油页岩及其半焦的碳转化率几乎等于燃料颗粒燃尽率；而氢转化率高于颗粒燃尽率；硫和氮的转化率则低于颗粒燃尽率。而且，利用沉降炉实验装置计算了油页岩热解半焦在燃烧温度为800-1000oC时的燃烧本征动力学，燃烧反应动力学方程为ks=26.3exp（?65800/（R·Tp））。基于油页岩半焦燃烧实验结果，通过理论计算获得了灰层有效扩散系数，传质方向平行于层理面的扩散系数为2.938×10?5m2/s，传质方向垂直于层理面的扩散系数为1.246×10-5m2/s，采用加权平均计算法分别求得粒径范围2-3mm（原料平均粒径2.5mm）和9-10mm（原料最大粒径10mm）颗粒的平均灰层扩散系数为1.83×10-5m2/s、1.96×10-5m2/s。基于质量与能量平衡并结合半焦燃烧动力学，构建了半焦颗粒的一维收缩未反应核模型；与实验结果比较可知，模型可很好地预测半焦颗粒燃尽时间和燃烧过程中的碳转化率。并由模型计算了半焦平均粒径（2.5mm）的燃烧情况，结果表明，半焦颗粒在800、850、900oC燃烧时，反应主要由灰层扩散阻力控制，燃烧温度对颗粒燃尽时间的影响较小。油页岩中试实验结果表明，在两个不同热解温度（573oC、541oC）工况下，油气总产率达到11%以上，页岩油干基收率分别为5.7%、6.0%，达到铝甑含油率的99.6%，气体热值分别为22.80MJ/Nm3、22.25MJ/Nm3；底灰中含碳量低于0.7%，碳燃尽率达95%，飞灰中含碳量为1.52%，碳燃尽率高达92%。按照国家标准（GB 13271-2014）换算成烟气中含有9%氧气时，两个热解温度下，燃烧炉烟气中NO浓度分别为80mg/Nm3、73mg/Nm3；SO2浓度分别为54 mg/Nm3、66 mg/Nm3。利用Aspen进行了300t/h油页岩固体热载体热解流程及循环流化床半焦燃烧过程的模拟。热解温度为450 oC和500 oC时，产生页岩油分别为51.7、61.7t/h；燃烧半焦和热解气产生水蒸气（3.82MPa，450oC）分别为296.9 t/h、168.9t/h；系统能量转化总效率分别为81%、82%。通过循环流化床半焦燃烧模拟结果表明，向燃烧炉中通入热解过程产生的热解气可有效降低NO和N2O的排放浓度。另外设计了处理量为230t/h半焦循环流化床燃烧炉及主体设备包括旋风分离器，密封返料装置和布风板等的尺寸。 采用经济评价方法对油页岩综合利用过程（SCSR）进行了分析，并与传统抚顺炉油页岩热解工艺（FSSR）进行对比。SCSR和FSSR工艺的总投资分别为24.03亿CNY和11.41亿CNY；由于SCSR工艺油页岩利用率及油收率高，使其生产成本较低，折算成美元为60$/barrel，而FSSR工艺的成本为76$/barrel；当达到盈亏平衡时由FSSR和SCSR工艺得到的页岩油价格分别为2940CNY/t、2150CNY/t。以页岩油价格分别为4000和4500CNY/t计算时，SCSR工艺的内部收益率为0.22和0.28，均高于折现率（0.08）；而FSSR工艺的内部收益率为0.05和0.10。同时又以两种价格计算了两种工艺路线的投资回收期，SCSR工艺的投资回收期分别为5.5年和4.4年；而FSSR工艺的投资回收期分别为10.6年和6.6年。因油页岩450oC热解时油产率降低而蒸汽产量提高，而500oC热解时油产率高，因此，当页岩油价格低于3200CNY/t时，450oC热解时产品年收入较高，当页岩油价格高于3200CNY/t时，500oC热解时产品年收入较高。;Oil shale, as an unconventional oil sources, is used to producing shale oil through pyrolysis process in China. The most widely used pyrolysis technology is Fushun process with advantage of available for low quality of oil shale. However, there are some disadvantages for Fushun process such as low utilization coefficient of oil shale and low oil yield (65% of Fischer Assay). Furthermore, the produced char with extremely low heat value in the Fushun process has adverse effect on the environment because it contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. As increasing focus on environment protection, those have become factors that hinder the use of oil shale resource. Therefore, a comprehensive utilization process of oil shale resource (SCSR process) is developed based on oil shale pyrolysis with solid heat carrier. This process results in oil, steam product. In this work, the emphasis is put on the combustion characteristic of char, which provide heat for the whole pyrolysis process. Meanwhile, a few experiments on oil shale pyrolysis is conducted in a laboratory scale fixed-bed furnace and pilot-scale oil shale pyrolysis/char combustion plant with capacity of 10t/d to achieve valuable information about pyrolysis and combustion of char. Furthermore, a simulation for oil shale pyrolysis/combustion of char is conducted with Aspen Plus and economic performance of SCSR process is analyzed based on experimental and simulated results. The main achievements are listed in the following:Oil shale and its char prepared under different pyrolysis temperature as well as four coal samples (YangQuan anthracite, SMbitumite coal and GYbitumite coal, Huolinhe lignite coal）are analyzed by the thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that ignition temperature of samples is related to the volatile content and its type. The ignition temperature of samples are sorted in descending order: YangQuan anthracite > SMbitumite > 600oC char > GYbitumite > 550oC char > 500oC char > 450oC char > lignite > oil shale. The combustion apparent active energy are analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer through FAW method. The results show that combustion apparent active energy for coals decreaseas as the conversion increases, while increase for oil shale and its char. This distinguish phenomenon is attributed to the high mineral content of oil shale and its char.The higher combustion temperature results in higher emission of NO and SO2 and lower N2O emission, especially, zero emission of N2O at 1000oC for combustion of oil shale and its char in drop tube furnace. Drop-tube conversion proceeds almost synchronously with the particle burnout, while the hydrogen conversion is faster and that of nitrogen and sulphur conversions lower than the particle burnout. The kinetic behavior of char combustion is analyzed by drop tube furnace experiments at combustion temperature of 800 oC to 1000 oC, and the kinetic expression is ks=26.3exp（?65800/（R·Tp））(ks, g/(cm2·s·atm)).The effective ash layer diffusional coefficient is measured for char through specially prepared cubic char particle. The results indicate that effective diffusional coefficient perpendicular to the bedding plane is 1.246×10-5m2/s and is 2.938×10?5m2/s with direction parallel to the bedding plane. The weighted means of diffusional coefficient for 2-3mm and 9-10mm particles is 1.83×10?5m2/s, 1.96×10?5m2/s.The single particles combustion model is built based on mass and energy balance combined the combustion kinetics of char as well as the weighed means of ash layer diffusional coefficient. By comparison, the model could moderately predict the burnout time of char particles. It also is shown that combustion temperature has a limitted effect on burnout time for char paticles of 2.5mm that is average particle size for char particles less 10mm, while the combustion reaction is mainly controlled by ash diffusion resistance.The pilot scale experiments results show that oil and gas yield is up to 11%, oil yield is higher than 5.7% and 6.0% for pyrolysis temperature of 573 oC and 541 oC with 99.6% of Fischer assay yield. The heat value of pyrolysis gas is higher than 22.80 and 22.25MJ/Nm3 with pyrolysis temperature of 573 oC and 541 oC; The carbon content of bottom ash is less than 0.7% with burnout of 95% and its content of fly ash is 1.52% with burnout of 92%; When pyrolysis temperature is 573oC and 541 oC, the emission concentration of NO is 80 mg/Nm3, 73 mg/Nm3 and emission of SO2 is 54mg/Nm3 and 66mg/Nm3, respectively with 9%O2 in the flue gas.A flow sheet of oil shale pyrolysis with in downer coupled char combustion in circulated fluidized bed combustor with capacity of 300t/h oil shale is built through Aspen Plus. The oil yield is 51.7t/h and 61.7t/h with pyrolysis temperature of 450oC and 500 oC, respectively. The steam (3.82MPa, 450oC) yield is 296.9t/h and 168.9t/h and energy conversion efficiency is 81% and 82% with all pyrolysis gas combusted in the combustor, respectively. The emission NO and N2O is reduced due to the addition of pyrolysis gas to the combustor based on the simulation results. A circulating fluidized bed combustor containing cyclone, loop seal and air distributor is designed.The economic analysis for the comprehensive utilization of oil shale based on oil shale pyrolysis with solid heat carrier is made and compared with that of Fushun process (FSSR process).The results show that total capital investment for FSSR and SCSR is 1141 million CNY and 2403 million CNY. The breakeven price of oil shale for FSSR and SCSR process is 2940CNY/t and 2150CNY/t, respectively. When price of oil is 4000 and 4500CNY/t, inner rate of return is 0.05 and 0.10 for FSSR process, while inner rate of return is 0.22 and 0.28 higher for SCSR process. The payback period for FSSR and SCSR process is 10.6/5.5 year and 6.6/4.4 year when price of oil is 4000 and 4500CNY/t, respectively. The steam yield is higher and oil yield is lower when oil shale is pyrolyzed at 450 oC compared with that at 500 oC. The economic analysis results show that production income is higher with oil price lower than 3200CNY/t when oil shale is pyrolyzed at 450 oC compared with that at 500 oC.