We present Chandra observations of 2106 radio-quiet quasars in the redshift range 1.7 <= z <= 2.7 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), through data release 14 (DR14), that do not contain broad absorption lines in their rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectra. This sample adds over a decade worth of SDSS and Chandra observations to our previously published sample of 139 quasars from SDSS DR5 that is still used to correlate X-ray and optical/UV emission in typical quasars. We fit the SDSS spectra for 753 of the quasars in our sample that have high-quality (exposure time >= 10 ks and off-axis observation angle <= 10 arcmin) X-ray observations, and analyse their X-ray-to-optical spectral energy distribution properties (alpha(ox) and Delta alpha(ox)) with respect to the measured C IV and MgII emission-line rest-frame equivalent width (EW) and the C IV emission-line blueshift. We find significant correlations (at the >= 99.99 per cent level) between alpha(ox) and these emission-line parameters, as well as between Delta alpha(ox) and C IV EW. Slight correlations are found between Delta alpha(ox) and C IV blueshift, Mg II EW, and the C IV EW to Mg II EW ratio. The best-fitting trend in each parameter space is used to compare the X-ray weakness (Delta alpha(ox)) and optical/UV emission properties of typical quasars and weak-line quasars (WLQs). The WLQs typically exhibit weaker X-ray emission than predicted by the typical quasar relationships. The best-fitting relationships for our typical quasars are consistent with predictions from the disc-wind quasar model. The behaviour of the WLQs compared to our typical quasars can be explained by an X-ray 'shielding' model.