Five kinds of silicates (attapulgite, kaolin, montnorillonite, synthetic mica, and talc) reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites were prepared. The fretting performance of the composites was investigated using an oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester in a ball-on-plate mode. The thermodynamic property and crystallinity of the composites were evaluated, and the worn morphology was also observed. Result shows that the heat-resistance and the crystallinity of the composites are generally improved. The friction coefficient and mass loss of the composites reduced than those of the neat UHMWPE. Thereinto, the attapulgite/UHMWPE composite shows the best fretting resistance performance. The heat resistance of composites increases due to the reinforcement of silicates. Meantime, the friction load can be distributed by the filler in the matrix. Moreover, the different fretting resistance performance of the composites is due to the different dispersion degree and the interfacial bonding force between the fillers and the UHMWPE matrix.