Long-term analysis of critical materials in future vehicles electrification in China and their national and global implications
文献类型：期刊论文
| 作者 | Elshkaki, Ayman1,2,3 |
| 刊名 | ENERGY
 |
| 出版日期 | 2020-07-01 |
| 卷号 | 202页码:14 |
| 关键词 | Electric vehicles Critical materials Scenario analysis Dynamic MFA China |
| ISSN号 | 0360-5442 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117697 |
| 通讯作者 | Elshkaki, Ayman(ayman@igsnrr.ac.cn) |
| 英文摘要 | Electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as one of the solutions for the problems facing the transportation sector including pollution problems, climate change, dimensioning of fossil fuel, and energy security. However, EVs rely on materials identified critical due to risks associated with their supply and environmental impacts. This paper aims at analyzing EVs in China, their requirement for 16 materials, and their national and global implications. The analysis is carried out using multi-level dynamic MFA model and 9 scenarios investigating EVs and batteries market share, their materials content and lifetime, and materials recycling. EVs materials impacts on coproduced materials, and energy, water, and CO2 emissions associated with materials production are discussed. Global metals availability is not expected to constraint EVs development in China, while several metals availability in China is expected to limit their growth. Significant increase in most metals production capacity is required. Extending EVs lifetime and using more than one battery reduce risks associated with REEs and increase those associated with other metals. Metals stock in use is expected to be significant compared to current Chinese reserves. EVs development in China has significant implications on resources availability, mainly REEs and graphite, for other world regions and other sectors. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| WOS关键词 | GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS ; CRITICAL RAW-MATERIALS ; MATERIAL FLOW-ANALYSIS ; SUPPLY-AND-DEMAND ; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION ; METAL REQUIREMENTS ; ENERGY SCENARIOS ; LITHIUM ; TECHNOLOGIES ; DYSPROSIUM |
| 资助项目 | Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA19040102] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0602802] ; International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[131A11KYSB20170117] |
| WOS研究方向 | Thermodynamics ; Energy & Fuels |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000538592700036 |
| 出版者 | PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
| 资助机构 | Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| 源URL | [http://ir.igsnrr.ac.cn/handle/311030/162242]  |
| 专题 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 通讯作者 | Elshkaki, Ayman |
| 作者单位 | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res IGSNRR, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 3.Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Carrying Capac Assessment Resource & Envi, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Elshkaki, Ayman. Long-term analysis of critical materials in future vehicles electrification in China and their national and global implications[J]. ENERGY,2020,202:14. |
| APA | Elshkaki, Ayman.(2020).Long-term analysis of critical materials in future vehicles electrification in China and their national and global implications.ENERGY,202,14. |
| MLA | Elshkaki, Ayman."Long-term analysis of critical materials in future vehicles electrification in China and their national and global implications".ENERGY 202(2020):14. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：地理科学与资源研究所
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