The MoS₂ quantum dots less than 10 nm were in situ prepared in green ILs for the first time. The MoS₂ quantum dots can be easily obtained by simple one-step synthesis within the preparation of ILs themselves. The physico-chemical and tribological properties of the acquired the MoS₂ QDs in ILs were systematically studied. Compared with pure ILs, the MoS₂ QDs in ILs exhibiting long-term dispersion stabilities have superior lubricating properties under harsh conditions. Thin films formed according to the XPS results were attributed to be the main account for the preferable tribological properties of the MoS₂ QDs in ILs than pure ILs.