Objective: Cognitive insight refers to the ability to distance oneself from and evaluate one's own beliefs and interpretations. Little is known about whether cognitive insight could influence medication adherence in schizophrenia patients. This study examined the role of cognitive insight in medication adherence and how it would interact with neuropsychological functions. Methods: Ninety clinically-stable schizophrenia patients completed the Beck's Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) and tasks measuring prospective (PM) and other neurocognitive functions. Medication adherence was estimated using a multi-axial method comprising interview, clinician-rating, pharmacy refill record and pill counting. Correlational and regression analyses were conducted to examine whether cognitive insight and PM would be associated with mediation adherence. Post-hoc mediational analysis was performed to examine the interplay between cognitive insight, PM and medication adherence. Results: Clinical insight and cognitive insight together significantly influenced participants' medication adherence, after neurocognitive functions and psychopathology were accounted for. Time-based PM, compared with other neurocognitive functions, affected medication adherence more strongly. Conclusions: Cognitive insight complements clinical insight in affecting medication adherence in schizophrenia patients.